维生素C催化合成乳酸异戊酯

首次利用维生素C催化乳酸和异戊醇合成了乳酸异戊酯。在0．1mol乳酸，0．2mol异戊醇和0．2g维生素C作用下，回流分水60min，酯收率达60．0％。结果表明：维生素C能够代替硫酸作为乳酸酯化的催化剂。     

焙烧温度对CuMgAl催化剂催化糠醇加氢制戊二醇的影响

采用共沉淀法制得物质的量比为n(Cu²⁺)∶n(Mg²⁺)∶n(Al³⁺)=10∶65∶25的CuMgAl类水滑石前体（CMA-HT），经过不同温度焙烧制得CuMgAl水滑石催化剂。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TG）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、N₂-物理吸附、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、H₂-程序升温脱附（H₂-TPD）、CO₂-程序升温脱附（CO₂-TPD）和NH₃-程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）等对催化剂的结构进行表征，在高压反应釜中考察了CuMgAl水滑石催化剂催化糠醇（FFA）加氢制1,2-戊二醇（1,2-PeD）和1,5-戊二醇（1,5-PeD）的催化性能。研究结果表明，焙烧温度对催化剂的结构及其催化性能具有显著的影响，金属活性中心和碱性位随焙烧温度的升高先增加后减少。经600℃焙烧的CMA催化剂表面存在适宜的金属中心和碱性位，在金属位和碱性中心的协同催化下，表现出了优异的催化性能。在140℃，H₂压力为4 MPa的条件下，反应8 h，糠醇的转化率和戊二醇的收率分别达74.13%和58.36%。     

2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠的合成

采用新方法合成了2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠。先由环氧氯丙烷和亚硫酸氢钠合成中间体3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠，然后中间体再与丙烯醇在氢氧化钠催化下生成目标产物2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠。2步反应总收率在70％左右，中间体和产物分别进行了光谱表征。     

Properties of cuticular oxidases used for sex pheromone biosynthesis byHeliothis zea

Biosynthesis of the aldehydic sex pheromone components released by females ofHeliothis zea was found to be catalyzed by primary alcohol oxidases residing in the cuticle that covers the glands. Activity, as indicated by conversion of primary alcohol to aldehyde, was as high in cell-free cuticle as it was in intact pheromone glands. Studies indicated that some activity was associated with the surface of the epicuticle and could be removed, into buffer, by sonication. However, the majority of activity lies within the inner epicuticle and exo- and endocuticular layers. The oxidase was not functional in pharate pupae that did not have mature adult cuticle but became functional just prior to adult emergence. The enzyme in individual glands was saturated at alcohol concentrations above 100 n. moles. Nonionic detergents did not affect the activity of the oxidase in the cuticle but treatment with either 7 M urea or 1% SDS resulted in total loss of activity. Studies on the effect of pH indicated an optimum at 6.4; however, activity was high throughout the range of 5–9. The oxidase was functional in both dichloromethane and hexane, suggesting that this enzyme system may have applications for organic synthesis of aldehydes.     

乳液聚合中单体醋酸乙烯酯与保护胶体聚乙烯醇的接枝反应研究

研究了以聚乙烯醇为保护胶体的醋酸乙烯乳液聚合中,聚乙烯醇与单体的接枝反应。探讨了引发剂用量、聚合反应温度、保护胶体聚合度等因素对接枝反应的影响。     

表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇水溶液黏度影响的研究

研究了阴离子十二烷基硫酸钠、阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和非离子壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚等3种不同类型的表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇溶液黏度性质的影响。结果表明,离子型表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇发生疏水链相互作用使高聚物带有电荷,体系黏度增加;非离子表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇无相互作用,体系黏度不变;盐的加入,只对聚乙烯醇/离子型表面活性剂混合体系影响大,而对聚乙烯醇/非离子型表面活性剂混合体系无影响。     

环丙烷甲酰氯的合成

环丙烷甲酸异丙酯因异丙基的位阻很大，所以其很难水解，即使加热回流12h，得率也只有68．6％，选用合适的相转移催化剂使得率超过了84％。由环丙烷甲酸制备环丙烷甲酰氯比较简单，文献报道得率为94．08％，通过对其合成条件的优化，使得率超过了97．2％。     

假紫罗兰酮环化工艺条件探讨

讨论了假紫罗兰酮酸化环合制备紫罗兰酮不同工艺条件对产品收率和组成的影响,结合有关文献重点探讨了作为维生素A工业合成原料的β-紫罗兰酮合成工艺条件的改进和优化,尤其是硫酸有机稀释剂(溶剂)的应用。     

πSynthesis and evaluation of a series of α-hydroxy ethers derived from isopropyl oleate

Several fatty derivatives with bulky moieties were prepared by treatment of epoxidized isopropyl oleate with a number of alcohols in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst to provide a series of α-hydroxy ethers in good yield. The materials were analyzed for cold flow performance through cloud point and pour point determinations. The most promising α-hydroxy ether produced in this study, with respect to both low temperature behavior and economic criteria, was isopropyl 9(10)-(2-ethylhexoxy) 10(9)-hydroxystearate, which has a cloud point of −23°C and pour point of −24°C.     

我国燃料乙醇产业及其对石油消费的局部替代性研究

从燃料乙醇局部替代石油消费的角度，结合经济计量模型和实地调研对燃料乙醇产业未来的盈利能力，市场规模以及其对玉米市场冲击进行了阐述。