Preparation of isotropic submicron spherical boron nitride particles by restricted template method

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has received considerable attention, due to its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation. However, the intrinsic platelike structure with the strong anisotropic property restricts its applications, and it is necessary to synthesize isotropic spherical h-BN particles (SP-BNs) with submicron size. Till now, methods to prepare (SP-BN) still exist problems, such as high oxygen impurities and pollution, generated by the ammonia and pyrolysis of precursors. Here, a relatively green reaction between the restricted template of carbon nanospheres and boron trioxide (B₂O₃) under elevated temperature is conducted, and the SP-BNs with an average diameter of 200–300 nm (named Nano-BN-s) have been successfully synthesized. Comprehensive scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction characterizations confirm the obtained products are spherical boron nitride. With the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared, the reaction mechanism is briefly discussed. These results indicate the reaction occurs on the restricted template of carbon nanospheres, and the C atoms are substituted by B and N atoms as the reaction progress, forming the Nano-BN-s. What is more, the restricted template method plays a key role in the design and improves h-BN-based materials in the future and may also be extended to form other novel materials.     

New quaternary additive for processing fully ceramic microencapsulated fuels without applied pressure

To apply SiC ceramics as a matrix for fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuels, the equivalent boron content (EBC) factors of elements in the sintering additives should be considered as an important criterion. A previously developed quaternary additive composition based on AlN–Y₂O₃–Sc₂O₃–MgO contained Sc, which has a relatively high EBC factor (8.56 × 10^?3). This study proposes a novel quaternary additive composition (AlN–Y₂O₃–CeO₂–MgO), in which Sc is replaced by Ce (EBC factor = 6.36 × 10^-5). The new additive composition achieved successful densification of the SiC matrix at 1850 °C without applied pressure. FCM pellets containing 36 vol% tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles were successfully sintered at 1850 °C using the above matrix without applied pressure. The thermal conductivities of the FCM pellets prepared via pressureless sintering with 36 vol% TRISO particles were 43.9 W·m^-1·K^-1 and 25.8 W·m^-1·K^-1 at 25 °C and 500 °C, respectively.     

Measurements of pollen grain dispersal in still air and stationary, near homogeneous, isotropic turbulence

The dispersal of ragweed, pine and corn pollen as well as polystyrene spheres in still air and stationary, near homogeneous, isotropic turbulence (HIT) was investigated using high-speed, digital inline holographic cinematography enabling Lagrangian tracking of the particles. Mean still air settling velocities were similar as reported literature values. Small discrepancies were most likely related to species/size differences and water content of the grains. Near-HIT was generated by loudspeakers mounted on the corners of a 40 cm³ chamber and the turbulent flow field at the center of the chamber was validated using stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Results showed near homogeneity and near isotropy with mean velocities 5–10 times smaller than the corresponding rms values of velocity fluctuations. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was determined from the PIV data sets and used to calculate the Kolmogorov scales and Taylor microscales. Experiments were carried out for two different loudspeaker amplifications corresponding to Taylor microscale Reynolds numbers, R_λ=144 and 162, respectively. The mean settling velocity in turbulent conditions was in all cases higher than the corresponding still air value, the difference becoming smaller as particle Stokes numbers increased. For the present conditions, the still air particle settling velocity was lower than the rms values of air fluctuating velocities. As a result, dispersion was dominated by inertia and for a given R_λ, particle fluctuating velocity autocorrelations fell more rapidly as the particle Stokes number decreased; corresponding particle diffusion coefficients also decreased. Transverse particle diffusion coefficients were lower than those in the direction of gravity in agreement with the continuity effect. Under the present range of experimental parameters, results showed that inertial particles (0.6<St<11) in highly turbulent conditions disperse more effectively than the air.     

高密度各向同性炭材料的制备及应用概述

高密度各向同性炭材料因内部质量均匀、各向同性而具有良好的机械性能、高耐热性等一系列优异性能,被广泛地应用于机械、化工、冶金、电工等领域.本文系统介绍了高密度各向同性炭材料的制备原料和生产方法,以及产品的结构特点,介绍了其在各领域的应用现状.     

Evaluation of stress intensity factors of thin AZ31B magnesium alloy plate under biaxial tensile loading

Stress intensity factors of thin AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet under biaxial tension loading were analyzed by modified Dugdale model.K-values with crack angle of 90°obviously show that there is no influence of the loading condition in Mode-I.In the 45°case,K Ⅰ values are obtained within 10%errors when they are calculated by modified Dugdale model under biaxial loading.It is concluded that the modified Dugdale model is one of effective ways to evaluate stress intensity factor of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet appropriately.     

基于时移双曲方程的各向异性速度分析

本文针对时移双曲线NMO方程的非椭圆特性,讨论了时移参数和非椭圆参数之间的关系,引入在局部坐标系中描述反射双曲线形状的两个约束参数,并推导出相关计算公式,建立各向异性高密度速度分析处理流程,解决了远炮检距动校道集无法校平的问题,提高了叠前时间偏移的成像精度。文中通过不同实例说明该方法能够解决远炮检距情况下反射波准确归位问题,并能为叠前反演提供高质量的CRP道集。     

横观各向同性地基上的碾压混凝土重力坝应力应变研究

碾压混凝土重力坝结构简单,施工方便,应用广泛。在实际工程中,经常会遇到地基的各向异性问题。应用非线性有限元结构分析软件ABAQUS,以某碾压混凝土重力坝的岸坡坝块为研究对象,建立了碾压重力坝的三维有限元计算模型。在正常蓄水工况下设置了六组水平向与铅直向弹性模量比值不同的计算组,通过对比分析,研究其可不考虑各向异性的材料比值区间。     

考虑岩层各向异性性质的井眼稳定性分析

地壳中许多含油气储层是由层状结构的沉积岩层所组成.根据岩层的沉积的特点,将其假设为横观各向同性体.推导了横观各向同性岩层的地应力与岩层的各向异性、地层倾斜角之间的关系式.进行了横观各向同性地层井眼稳定性分析.本文的分析对在横观各向同性岩层进行钻井设计和施工具有一定的指导意义.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of heat and moisture transfer during drying of Ataulfo mango

A theoretical and experimental study for the drying kinetics of Ataulfo mango slices was carried out. In the study different thicknesses, air drying temperature, maturity degree and non-isotropic mass diffusion were considerate. The 2D temperature and moisture distributions inside the slice were predicted by using a theoretical model. The water effective diffusion coefficient, the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients, the drying curves and the center temperature were getting by the experimental model. A parametric study was carried out in the ranging of air drying temperatures from 50 to 70 °C, slices with thickness of 2–5 mm and maturity degree from 13.2 to 22°Brix. It was found from the experimental results that slices of Ataulfo mango present an isotropic behavior with an uncertainty of 2.47%. The drying rate reduces in 4.5% as 1 mm thickness increase, and decreases in 8.0% for each 1°Brix increased.     

横向各向同性介质纵波非双曲线时差速度分析

在各向异性介质中，纵波反射旅行时具有非双曲线时差特性，随排列长度的增大非双曲线现象更加明显。显然，常规双曲线时距曲线方程已经不能满足描述地震勘探中日益复杂的地球介质模型的需求。为此，在时距关系中增加含炮检距的四次项，并采用分式展开法表示该四次项，同时引入远偏移距收敛因子。改进后的时距关系表达式在形式上接近于常规地震波双曲线型时距关系，清楚地描述了横向各向同性介质中速度随炮检距的变化。实例表明，该算法提高了各向异性介质速度分析精度，改善了剖面叠加效果。