Elastoplastic analysis of FGM plate with a central cutout of various shapes under thermomechanical loading

The present work aims to study the elastoplastic buckling, postbuckling, and failure behavior of perforated Ni/Al₂O₃ functionally graded material (FGM) plate with various shaped cutouts (i.e., circular, square, diamond, and elliptical) of various sizes under thermomechanical loading conditions using finite element method (FEM). The nonlinear FEM formulation is based on the first-order shear deformation theory and von Kármán’s nonlinear kinematics in which the material nonlinearity is incorporated. The nonlinear temperature-dependent thermoelastic material properties of FGM plate are varied in the thickness direction by controlling the volume fraction of the constituent materials (i.e., ceramic and metal) as per a power law, and Mori–Tanaka homogenization scheme is applied to evaluate the properties at a particular thickness coordinate of FGM. In accordance with the Tamura–Tomota–Ozawa model (TTO model), the ceramic phase of FGM is considered to be elastic, whereas the metal phase is assumed to be elastoplastic. Further, the elastoplastic analysis of FGM is assumed to follow J₂ plasticity with isotropic hardening. After validating the present formulation with the results available in the literature, various numerical studies are conducted to examine the effects of material inhomogeneity, thermal loading, cutout shape, and size on the elastoplastic buckling, postbuckling, and failure behavior of perforated FGM plate. It is observed that for smaller cutout sizes, the FGM plate with square shape cutout possesses maximum value of ultimate failure load; however, for larger cutout size, the FGM plate with diamond cutout depicts highest ultimate failure load. Furthermore, for all cutout shapes, the ultimate failure load of FGM plate decreases with an increase in cutout size. It is also revealed that irrespective of shape and size of cutout, the material plastic flow has considerable effect on postbuckling path of FGM plate, and under thermomechanical loading conditions, the FGM plate shows destabilizing response after the point of maximum postbuckling strength.     

横观各向同性地基上的碾压混凝土重力坝应力应变研究

碾压混凝土重力坝结构简单,施工方便,应用广泛。在实际工程中,经常会遇到地基的各向异性问题。应用非线性有限元结构分析软件ABAQUS,以某碾压混凝土重力坝的岸坡坝块为研究对象,建立了碾压重力坝的三维有限元计算模型。在正常蓄水工况下设置了六组水平向与铅直向弹性模量比值不同的计算组,通过对比分析,研究其可不考虑各向异性的材料比值区间。     

A Size-Dependent Functionally Graded Higher Order Plate Analysis Based on Modified Couple Stress Theory and Moving Kriging Meshfree Method

A size-dependent computational approach for bending, free vibration and buckling analyses of isotropic and sandwich functionally graded (FG) microplates is in this study presented. We consider both shear deformation and small scale effects through the generalized higher order shear deformation theory and modified couple stress theory (MCST). The present model only retains a single material length scale parameter for capturing properly size effects. A rule of mixture is used to model material properties varying through the thickness of plates. The principle of virtual work is used to derive the discrete system equations which are approximated by moving Kriging interpolation (MKI) meshfree method. Numerical examples consider the inclusions of geometrical parameters, volume fraction, boundary conditions and material length scale parameter. Reliability and effectiveness of the present method are confirmed through numerical results.     

Isotropic high-resolution three-dimensional confocal micro-rotation imaging for non-adherent living cells

Recently, micro-rotation confocal microscopy has enabled the acquisition of a sequence of micro-rotated images of nonadherent living cells obtained during a partially controlled rotation movement of the cell through the focal plane. Although we are now able to estimate the three-dimensional position of every optical section with respect to the cell frame, the reconstruction of the cell from the positioned micro-rotated images remains a last task that this paper addresses. This is not strictly an interpolation problem since a micro-rotated image is a convoluted two-dimensional map of a three-dimensional reality. It is rather a 'reconstruction from projection' problem where the term projection is associated to the PSF of the deconvolution process. Micro-rotation microscopy has a specific difficulty. It does not yield a complete coverage of the volume. In this paper, experiments illustrate the ability of the classical EM algorithm to deconvolve efficiently cell volume despite of the incomplete coverage. This cell reconstruction method is compared to a kernel-based method of interpolation, which does not take account explicitly the point-spread-function (PSF). It is also compared to the standard volume obtained from a conventional z-stack. Our results suggest that deconvolution of micro-rotation image series opens some exciting new avenues for further analysis, ultimately laying the way towards establishing an enhanced resolution 3D light microscopy.     

四川盆地涪陵地区龙马溪组页岩横向各向同性地应力测井评价方法

页岩由于矿物的定向排列等因素呈现出各向异性,基于各向同性模型的地应力计算方法已不适用。综合测井、岩心实验、压裂施工等数据建立涪陵地区龙马溪组页岩横向各向同性地应力测井评价方法,主要包括：建立垂向有效压力与横波速度关系模板,预测地层压力;利用通过岩石物理建模的方法计算求取目的层的Biot系数;采用速度回归拟合的方法求取页岩横向各向同性介质6个刚度系数,计算横向、垂向杨氏模量及泊松比。应用结果表明横向各向同性模型能更好地反映实际地层情况。     

Propagation of waves in transversely isotropic micropolar generalized thermoelastic half space

The propagation of waves in a transversely isotropic micropolar medium possessing thermoelastic properties based on Lord and Shulaman (L–S), Green and Lindsay (G–L) and Coupled thermoelasticity (C-T) theories are discussed. After developing the solution, the phase velocities and attenuation quality factor have been obtained. The expressions for amplitudes of stresses, displacements, microrotation and temperature distribution have been derived and computed numerically. The numerical results have been plotted graphically.     

基于时移双曲方程的各向异性速度分析

本文针对时移双曲线NMO方程的非椭圆特性,讨论了时移参数和非椭圆参数之间的关系,引入在局部坐标系中描述反射双曲线形状的两个约束参数,并推导出相关计算公式,建立各向异性高密度速度分析处理流程,解决了远炮检距动校道集无法校平的问题,提高了叠前时间偏移的成像精度。文中通过不同实例说明该方法能够解决远炮检距情况下反射波准确归位问题,并能为叠前反演提供高质量的CRP道集。     

顺层隧道地震响应的波动方法研究

 顺层岩体是隧道工程中常见的地质情况,震害突出,但尚无有效的地震响应分析方法,因而难以深入研究其响应机制和规律。为此,建立一种地震波动输入方法及相应公式,该方法以有限元法与时域波动分析法相结合,采用黏弹性人工边界,基于顺层岩体的横观各向同性本构关系,考虑岩体中地震波的偏振特性和相速度变化特点,适用于地震波斜入射方向与隧道纵断面平行的情况。同时,为验证所提出方法的实用性和可行性,应用其分析某顺层岩体中高速铁路隧道结构的地震响应规律。结果显示：当岩层水平或竖直时,则qP波引起的衬砌内力包络图对称;当岩层倾斜时,则qP波引起的衬砌内力包络图不对称,不对称性的幅度与岩层倾角相关;岩层倾角不同,则弯矩值相差较大;弯矩包络图无论对称与否,环向弯矩极值均位于拱脚处,而纵向弯矩极值却位于拱顶和仰拱处。此外,作为对比分析,又将岩层简化为各向同性介质,采用该方法进行计算,结果发现：P波引起的衬砌内力包络图对称,且内力包络图与将岩层简化为横观各向同性介质时相接近。这进一步验证了提出方法的合理性和可靠性。     

常压至高压下砂土强度、变形特性试验研究

 砂土材料常压至高压下的强度、变形特性是构建砂土模型的首要问题。开展3种粒组砂土8 MPa围压范围内的等向压缩试验以及0.2～6.4 MPa围压范围内的三轴剪切试验,将砂土常压至高压范围内的力学特性进行系统分析,以获得能够将常压至高压范围内的强度、变形特性进行统一描述的力学参数。通过研究发现：(1) 砂土在高压下出现一定量的颗粒破碎,改变了砂土的剪切耗能机制,使得砂土三轴压缩剪切由剪胀软化特征向剪缩硬化特征转变;(2) 砂土材料的三轴压缩剪切峰值应力比受砂土粒径、围压共同影响,M-C强度准则在高压条件下不再适用;而残余应力比则基本不受粒径、围压的影响,是典型的无黏性摩擦型岩土力学参数,应作为砂土基本力学特性指标;(3) 砂土材料在常压至高压范围内的剪切过程中存在较明显的临界状态现象,临界状态曲线与等向压缩曲线形态相同均呈指数衰减型并在高压条件下产生交叉,两者共同构成砂土材料的状态区间能够体现常压至高压范围内的剪胀与剪缩特征。     

Stability of orthotropic thin-walled cylindrical shells under torsion. Part 1. Theory

An analytical solution to the problem of stability of orthotropic and structurally orthotropic cylindrical shells under torsion has been obtained using a small-parameter expansion method. The well-known classical solution is the first approximation for the above-mentioned solution. A detailed numerical analysis has been carried out for isotropic and orthotropic shells. It is demonstrated that for isotropic shells of small and medium length the error of the classical solution is 10–20%, while the classical solution for orthotropic shell gives usually a larger error which may range up to 40%. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 17–28, May–June, 2008.