Kinetics of Pressure Cycling Extraction of Solute from Leaves of Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Dispersed in Water

A set of seven extraction experiments was performed to investigate the influence of pressure cycles on the kinetics of solute removal from leaves of mate dispersed in water. The mass ratio of liquid to dry solid (40), the temperature (32°C), and time of extraction (3600?s) were not varied. Five extraction runs were under cyclic pressurization (1?cycle?=?300?s at 91.4?kPa?+?300?s at 182.8?kPa) and stirring speeds (S) of 0, 150, 500, 1500, and 2000?rpm, while the two other ones were at constant pressure (182.8?kPa) and S close to 1500 and 2000?rpm. Based on seven pairs of parameters of a reliable second-order kinetic model (R²?≥?0.967), cyclic pressurization had no effect on equilibrium and kinetics of extraction (p?>?0.05) when the role of convection on solute transfer was negligible (S?≥?500?rpm). In the stirring speed range from 500 to 2000?rpm, the operation was controlled by diffusion (Bi >?1.7?×?10³), so a transient two-dimensional diffusion model was able to describe correctly the changes of solute concentration with time. Below 500?rpm, solute transfer was governed by a combination of diffusion and convection with the external resistance to mass transfer as a function of S (16?≤?Bi?≤?28).     

软岩巷道支护技术应用探讨

应用工程类比法与现场监控相结合的方法,结合地区实践(凤凰山矿南翼进风排矸井回风巷区段"锚网喷+锚索")进行软岩巷道控制技术尝试,以期对类似条件巷道支护提供借鉴意见。     

Performance Study of a Closed-Type Heat Pump Tumble Dryer Using a Simulation Model and an Experimental Set-Up

In the interests of competitiveness, manufactures of tumble dryers are seeking to reduce both their electricity use and the drying time. This study examines how the cylinder volume of the compressor and the total heat transfer of the condenser influence the drying time and electricity use in a heat pump tumble dryer. A transient simulation model was developed and compared to an experimental set-up with good similarity. The simulations show that increasing the cylinder volume of the compressor by 50% decreases the drying time by 14% without using more electricity.     

Viscous Potential Flow Analysis of Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability of a Cylindrical Flow with Heat and Mass Transfer

A linear analysis of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of a cylindrical interface has been carried out when there is heat and mass transfer across the interface, using viscous potential flow theory. Both fluids are considered as incompressible, viscous, and thermally conducting with different kinematic viscosities. Both axisymmetric as well as asymmetric disturbances are considered. Stability criterion is given by a critical value of relative velocity and stability is discussed theoretically as well as numerically. Various graphs with respect to physical parameters such as wave number, viscosity ratio, heat transfer coefficients, Reynolds number, etc., have been drawn and the effect of various parameters have been described. A comparison with the linear stability analysis of inviscid fluids (Lee [10]) has been made and it is observed that viscosity has a stabilizing effect on the stability of the system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(6): 489–503, 2014; Published online 3 October 2013 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21092     

掘进中遇火成岩侵入瓦斯富集区的瓦斯治理

根据矿井地质条件,确定了七五生建煤矿北七采区701工作面的火成岩侵入范围。通过实验室测定,分析了火成岩侵入对煤层瓦斯赋存的影响,结果表明:火成岩侵入区煤体吸附瓦斯的能力相对于未侵入区更强;通过现场实际测定,得到火成岩侵入对矿井瓦斯涌出的影响规律。掘进巷道施工时,在掘进至火成岩侵入区域前,瓦斯浓度上升趋势不明显;火成岩侵入后,瓦斯涌出呈剧增趋势;在经过火成岩侵入区域后,瓦斯浓度呈缓慢下降趋势。根据对瓦斯数据的统计、分析,通过改变通风条件、调控瓦斯涌出量,加强监测监控等措施,较好地解决了矿井瓦斯治理问题。     

Safety approach for composite pressure vessels for road transport of hydrogen. Part 1: Acceptable probability of failure and hydrogen mass

Hydrogen is a promising alternative for current energy carriers. Compressed gas cylinders are the storage systems closest to the commercialization of hydrogen in vehicles. The safety factors in current standards are seen as restrictive for further growth and competitiveness of hydrogen infrastructure. A probabilistic approach can be employed in order to give a rational background to the safety factors. However, an acceptable probability of failure needs to be estimated before calculating the safety factors. The discussion of determining the acceptable probability must include the mass of hydrogen since this determines the consequences of an accident. It is concluded that an annual probability of failure of 10⁻⁷ would be appropriate for small pressure vessels containing a few kilograms of hydrogen. Larger pressure vessels of a few hundred kilograms or more should be designed for an annual probability 10⁻⁸.     

Study on rock mass boreability by TBM penetration test under different in situ stress conditions

Rock mass boreability is a comprehensive parameter reflecting the interaction between rock mass and a tunnel boring machine (TBM). Many factors including rock mass conditions, TBM specifications and operation parameters influence rock mass boreability. In situ stress, as one of the important properties of rock mass conditions, has not been studied specifically for rock mass boreability in TBM tunneling. In this study, three sets of TBM penetration tests are conducted with different in situ stress conditions in three TBM tunnels of the Jinping II Hydropower Station. The correlation between TBM operation parameters collected during the tests and the rock mass boreability index is analyzed to reveal the influence of in situ stress on rock mass boreability and TBM excavation process. The muck produced by each test step is collected and analyzed by the muck sieve test. The results show that in situ stress not only influences the rock mass boreability but also the rock fragmentation process under TBM cutters. If the in situ stress is high enough to cause the stress-induced failure at the tunnel face, it facilitates rock fragmentation by TBM cutters and the corresponding rock boreability index decreases. Otherwise, the in situ stress restrains rock fragmentation by TBM cutters and the rock mass boreablity index increases. Through comparison of the boreability index predicted by the Rock Mass Characteristics (RMC) prediction model with the boreability index calculated from the penetration test results, the influence degree of different in situ stresses for rock mass boreability is obtained.     

物探综合方法在××矿区找矿应用

金、银贵金属是人类最早发现和使用的金属资源,也是迄今为止应用最广泛的金属之一。通过物探综合勘探方法(重力、磁法、电法),结合地质信息进行综合研究分析,推断矿体平面和深部赋存状态。利用次级断裂成矿的原理,寻找金、银矿床资源。