液化气脱硫装置闪蒸效率的探讨

对液化气脱硫装置闪蒸罐闪蒸效率进行了分析,提出了调整洗涤剂量、闪蒸罐液位、闪蒸压力及闪蒸温度,从而提高闪蒸效率的问题,并对效益作了分析。     

原油蒸馏过程的模拟与分析

采用ASPENPLUS软件的PetroFRAC模块对原油蒸馏过程进行模拟,模拟得到的总物料平衡、操作条件和产品质量等结果与工厂生产装置数据较为一致。通过灵敏度分析发现初馏塔和常压塔塔顶馏出量、常压塔塔底蒸汽量和侧线汽提蒸汽量这几个显著影响拔出率的因素,为原油蒸馏操作优化方案的制定奠定基础。     

浓度极稀物中回收微量重组分的精馏操作策略-准间歇精馏

A new operation policy-quasi-batch distillation for recovering infinitesimal amounts species existing in a mixture is presented. In quasi-batch distillation operation, feed is introduced with a constant flow rate onto the feed stage of the column, and the flow rate of the distillate is the same as that of the feed, whereas the bottom product is withdrawn periodically. The behavior of quasi-batch distillation is simulated and analyzed through an example on heavy water separation. Comparing with continuous or batch distillation, the new operation policy is more reliable and efficient to achieve higher recovery of dilute component. This is especially suitable for separating small amount of precious species from large amount of raw material.     

Preparation of regioisomers of structured TAG consisting of one mole of CLA and two moles of caprylic acid

TAG (MLM) with medium-chain FA (MCFA) at the 1,3-positions and long-chain FA (LCFA) at the 2-position, and TAG (LMM) with LCFA at the 1(3)-position and MCFA at 2,3(1)-positions are a pair of TAG regioisomers. Large-scale preparation of the two TAG regioisomers was attempted. A commercially available FFA mixture (FFA-CLA) containing 9-cis, 11-trans (9c, 11t)- and 10t,12c-CLA was selected as LCFA, and caprylic acid (C₈FA) was selected as MCFA. The MLM isomer was synthesized by acidolysis of acyglycerols (AG) containing two CLA isomers with C₈FA: A mixture of AG-CLA/C₈ FA (1∶10, mol/mol) and 4 wt% immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase was agitated at 30°C for 72 h. The ratio of MLM to total AG was 51.1 wt%. Meanwhile, LMM isomer was synthesized by acidolysis of tricaprylin with FFA-CLA: A mixture of tricaprylin/FFA-CLA (1∶2, mol/mol) and 4 wt% immobilized R. miehei lipase was agitated at 30°C for 24 h. The ratio of LMM to total AG was 51.8 wt%. MLM and LMM were purified from 1,968 and 813 g reaction mixtures by stepwise short-path distillation, respectively. Consequently, MLM was purified to 92.3% with 49.1% recovery, and LMM was purified to 93.2% with 52.3% recovery. Regiospecific analyses of MLM and LMM indicated that the 2-positions of MLM and LMM were 95.1 mol% LCFA and 98.3 mol% C₈ FA, respectively. The results showed that a process comprising lipase reaction and short-path distillation is effective for large-scale preparation of high-purity regiospecific TAG isomers.     

The use of carbon nanomaterials in membrane distillation membranes: a review

Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal-based separation technique with the potential to treat a wide range of water types for various applications and industries. Certain challenges remain however, which prevent it from becoming commercially widespread including moderate permeate flux, decline in separation performance over time due to pore wetting and high thermal energy requirements. Nevertheless, its attractive characteristics such as high rejection (ca. 100%) of non-volatile species, its ability to treat highly saline solutions under low operating pressures (typically atmospheric) as well as its ability to operate at low temperatures, enabling waste-heat integration, continue to drive research interests globally. Of particular interest is the class of carbon-based nanomaterials which includes graphene and carbon nanotubes, whose wide range of properties have been exploited in an attempt to overcome the technical challenges that MD faces. These low dimensional materials exhibit properties such as high specific surface area, high strength, tuneable hydrophobicity, enhanced vapour transport, high thermal and electrical conductivity and others. Their use in MD has resulted in improved membrane performance characteristics like increased permeability and reduced fouling propensity. They have also enabled novel membrane capabilities such as in-situ fouling detection and localised heat generation. In this review we provide a brief introduction to MD and describe key membrane characteristics and fabrication methods. We then give an account of the various uses of carbon nanomaterials for MD applications, focussing on polymeric membrane systems. Future research directions based on the findings are also suggested.     

Design and optimization of an integrated process for the purification of propylene oxide and the separation of propylene glycol by-product

It is difficult to separate the methanol and hydrocarbons in the propylene oxide (PO) purification process due to their forming azeotrope. As for this, a novel PO separation process, in that the deionized water is employed as extractant and 1,2-propylene glycol (MPG) that is formed from the PO hydrolysis reaction is recovered, is presented in this work. The salient feature of this process is that both the non-catalyzed reactions of PO hydrolysis to form MPG and dipropylene glycol (DPG) are simultaneously considered and MPG by-product with high purity is obtained in virtue of the deionized water as reflux liquid and side take-off in MPG column. In addition, the ionic liquid (IL) extractant is screened through the conductor-like screening model for segment activity coefficient (COSMO-SAC) and the comparisons of separation efficiency between the IL and normal octane (nC₈) extractant for the separation of PO and 2-methylpentane are made. With the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) thermodynamic model, the simulation and optimization design for the full flow sheet are performed and the effects of the key operation parameters such as solvent ratio, theoretical stages, feeding stage etc. on separation efficiency are detailedly discussed. The results show that the mass purity and the mass yield of PO can be up to 99.99% and 99.0%, and the condenser duty, reboiler duty and PO loss in the process with IL extractant can be decreased by 69.66%, 30.21% and 78.86% compared to ones with nC₈. The total annual cost (TAC) calculation also suggests that the TAC would be significantly reduced if using IL in replace of nC₈ for the investigated process. The presented results would provide a useful guide for improving the quality of PO product and the economic efficiency of industrial plant.     

精制L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究

分子蒸馏技术是一种在高真空条件下进行的连续蒸馏过程,适合于分离高沸点、热敏性及具有生物活性的混合物。今研究了用分子蒸馏技术对L-乳酸进行精制的工艺条件;实验过程中粗乳酸原料不需要进行其它脱水及脱色方法处理,只需通过两次分子蒸馏,即可得到高纯度的L-乳酸。考察了分子蒸馏工艺操作过程的蒸馏温度、进料速率、刮膜器转速等因素对L-乳酸收率及纯度的影响。发现适宜的分离工艺是:操作压力0.1Pa,蒸发温度55~75℃,进料速率90mLh-1,刮膜器转速110~130rmin-1,其中蒸发温度和进料速率是影响产品L-乳酸纯度的最重要的因素。     

基于知识的注塑制品缺陷智能分析

重点分析了注射成型的工艺和制品质量的关系，通过引入注塑制品成型缺陷领域的专家经验和知识，获取相关设计知识并把它们表示成符合CLIPS语言规范的产生式规则形式，建立了注塑制品缺陷知识库，并采用CLIPS知识推理机完成了注塑制品缺陷的诊断，得到制品缺陷产生的原因以及相应的解决措施。给出的推理实例表明了该系统的实用性。     

悬浮催化蒸馏合成甲基叔丁基醚的模拟

建立了悬浮催化蒸馏合成甲基叔丁基醚过程的平衡级模型。利用模型模拟研究了特征参数,特别是固液分离器分率φ和塔底流量B对塔性能的影响。结果表明：参数φ对应的多重定态区域的上界非常小,在实际操作条件下,塔内仅存一个高转化率定态。极限点曲线将参数平面“φ-B”按定态解数目划分成3个子域,其中右上角子域是具有唯一定态且异丁烯转化率高和产物纯度高的操作域。     

常减压装置塔顶管道腐蚀原因解析

针对目前原油品质日趋劣化,造成常减压装置塔顶管线腐蚀日益严重,经过腐蚀调查并分析腐蚀原因后,阐述了腐蚀的环境和机理,解决常减压蒸馏装置管线低温部位防腐的合理措施,提出了加强工艺调整PH值的控制,并合理的减缓腐蚀-加强对缓蚀剂和剂量控制,降低腐蚀所造成的风险。