生物质炭化原料选择及需热量分析

从生物质原料的工业分析结果和木质素含量两个角度出发,分析了二者对生物质炭化的影响.对生物质炭化原料进行选择,认为木材类生物质适合作为生物质炭化的原料,可加强对树木枝条、锯末及薪炭林的炭化;为实现生物质炭化的工业化,还应设计利用烟气余热等热源来热解生物质的换热器,这项设计需知道生物质热解需热量.运用热重-差示扫描(TG-DSC)同步热分析仪对选用的木屑进行热解实验并利用DSC曲线对木屑炭化需热量进行分析.结果表明,木屑炭化终温为500℃时(初始温度为40℃),需热量为491kJ/kg.提出DSC曲线在工业用热解换热器传热设计和校核中的应用方法.     

草酸铅化废水处理工艺研究

采用不同沉淀剂对草酸铅化废水进行平行沉淀试验,表明在满足除铅效果前提下,以Ca(OH)2与Na2S为沉淀剂处理该废水可改善沉淀物的沉降和过滤性能。提出了处理工艺流程以及pH值控制范围。工程实践表明：废水总铅质量浓度由20～40mg／L降至0.38～1.84mg／L,铅去除率高于90％,排水达标率91．7％～100％,明显改善了纳污水体环境质量。     

环氧丙烷的生产现状以及消费概况

本文从产品用途、生产现状及现行技术存在的问题、市场消费概况等方面，对环氧丙烷产品进行了全面阐述，为从事该产品的生产或后续加工者提供较详细的资料。     

Enhancing the carbon sink in European agricultural soils: including trace gas fluxes in estimates of carbon mitigation potential

The possibility that the carbon sink in agricultural soils can be enhanced has taken on great political significance since the Kyoto Protocol was finalised in December 1997. The Kyoto Protocol allows carbon emissions to be offset by demonstrable removal of carbon from the atmosphere. Thus, forestry activities (Article 3.3) and changes in the use of agricultural soils (Article 3.4) that are shown to reduce atmospheric CO₂levels may be included in the Kyoto emission reduction targets. The European Union is committed to a reduction in CO₂ emissions to 92% of baseline (1990) levels during the first commitment period (2008–2012). We have shown recently that there are a number of agricultural land-management changes that show some potential to increase the carbon sink in agricultural soils and others that allow alternative forms of carbon mitigation (i.e. through fossil fuel substitution), but the options differ greatly in their potential for carbon mitigation. The changes examined were, (a) switching all animal manure use to arable land, (b) applying all sewage sludge to arable land, (c) incorporating all surplus cereal straw, (d) conversion to no-till agriculture, (e) use of surplus arable land to de-intensify 1/3 of current intensive crop production (through use of 1/3 grass/arable rotations), (f) use of surplus arable land to allow natural woodland regeneration, and (g) use of surplus arable land for bioenergy crop production. In this paper, we attempt for the first time to assess other (non-CO₂) effects of these land-management changes on (a) the emission of the other important agricultural greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide, and (b) other aspects of the ecology of the agroecosystems. We find that the relative importance of trace gas fluxes varies enormously among the scenarios. In some such as the sewage sludge, woodland regeneration and bioenergy production scenarios, the inclusion of trace gases makes only a small (<10%) difference to the CO₂-C mitigation potential. In other cases, for example the no-till, animal manure and agricultural de-intensification scenarios, trace gases have a large impact, sometimes halving or more than doubling the CO₂-C mitigation potential. The scenarios showing the greatest increase when including trace gases are those in which manure management changes significantly. In the one scenario (no-till) where the carbon mitigation potential was reduced greatly, a small increase in methane oxidation was outweighed by a sharp increase in N₂O emissions. When these land-management options are combined to examine the whole agricultural land area of Europe, most of the changes in mitigation potential are small, but depending upon assumptions for the animal manure scenario, the total mitigation potential either increases by about 20% or decreases by about 10%, shifting the mitigation potential of the scenario from just above the EU's 8% Kyoto emission reduction target (98.9 Tg C y⁻¹) to just below it. Our results suggest that (a) trace gas fluxes may change the mitigation potential of a land management option significantly and should always be considered alongside CO₂-C mitigation potentials and (b) agricultural management options show considerable potential for carbon mitigation even after accounting for trace gas fluxes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

酸性氧化电位水的制备及性能研究进展

酸性氧化电位水是近年来应运而生的一种新塑消毒剂.由于酸性氧化电位水具有高效、无毒、无污染、广谱等优点,现已应用于医疗、食品、农牧业等领域.文章总结了电解生成酸性氧化电位水的原理,制备条件对其各项指标的影响以及酸性氧化电位水的稳定性,对不同金属的腐蚀性作用.最后,对酸化水制备及理化性质的研究方向进行了展望.     

两种空调箔生产工艺对比

从空调箔成型过程及质量要求出发,通过对ＤＣ－－热轧及连续轧两种工艺生产的空调箔进行对比,认定ＤＣ－－热轧工艺较优,并对其工艺进行优化。     

珠江上游南北盘江喀斯特地区土地石漠化的成因及生态恢复模式

分析了珠江上游南北盘江喀斯特地区土地石漠化的形成机理：一是广布的碳酸盐岩成土物质含量低，母岩与土壤之间粘着力差，成土速度慢；二是地表与地下双层水文地质结构，水土分离，干旱缺水严重；三是植物生境严酷，生长缓慢，覆盖率低；四是超载的人口压力引发的滥采滥伐、陡坡开荒，导致严重的水土流失，是该地区土地石漠化最关键的因素。同时探究了珠江上游南北盘江喀斯特地区主要的生态恢复模式：一是以小流域为单元，山、水、田、林、路综合治理的模式提高生态容量；二是以农村能源建设为主线促进生态修复的模式提高生态休养时间；三是以培育替代产业促进农业人口转移的模式减少生态负荷；四是以有序、规范的资源开发模式减少生态干扰。     

藏北高原地区和西北干旱区地表能量季节变化特征对比分析

基于中日合作研究项目"全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验"(CAMP/Tibet,2001～2005年)和大型野外观测试验国家重点基础研究发展规划项目中的"西北干旱区陆气相互作用试验"(DHEX,2000-2003年) 1a年的观测数据资料分析研究了干旱区地表能量,即净辐射通量、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量。得到一些有关地表能量的新认识,最后还提出并讨论了计算地表能量通量的方法及其优缺点。     

论吕梁市西部五大流域河道滩地及水地的开发

文中分析了吕梁西部五大流域水利工程现状及存在问题。论述了其滩地、水地开发目标及建设内容，并进行了可行性分析。     

Assessment of Sediment and Pollutants in Buyo Lake,Ivory Coast,Using SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） Model

The changes in land use in the last 30 years in the territory of agro-forest watershed of Lake Buyo resulted in significant sediment into the lake. Sediments are a preferred means of transportation for certain pollutants, like phosphorus in excess. By mapping the source areas of erosion, the authors can determine the risk areas and help to prioritize interventions in the territory. This mapping is done using the SWAT （soil and water assessment tool） model. Several types of data, including topography, land use, soil and climate data are needed to run the model. In this paper, all different steps are presented, from the designing of HRU （hydrological response units）, basic units to run the SWAT model until the simulations. The establishment of HRU has three main stages： space discretization, land use and soil data integration and HRU distribution： （1） space discretization which consist in extracting the limits and the water network of the watershed from the DEM （digital elevation model） and in subdividing them into sub-basins; （2） land use and soil data integration： it consists in digitizing the physical maps of land use and of soils under Mapinfo 7.5 and in keeping them in ＂shape＂ format; （3） HRU distribution： it leads to subdivide the sub-watersheds in small units that combine a single soil type and one type of land use. It appears from this study to obtain 23 sub-watersheds and 71 HRU. Once the HRU designed, it is necessary to integrate climate data, data on physico-chemical characteristics of soils and agricultural practices, before starting the simulations. This will allow the model to assess the risk of sedimentation and eutrophication of the lake using the MUSLE （modified universal soil loss equation） and phosphorus cycle.