Stationary and traveling hot spots in the catalytic combustion of hydrogen in monoliths

In the course of catalytic combustion of hydrogen (1-5% H₂ in air) in monolith reactors, strongly localized stationary and traveling hot spots arise in response to a sudden and persistent rise of gas flow velocity. Such hot spots may occur, e.g. in a catalytic converter following the acceleration of a car or in a catalytic combustor as a result of a load increase. This phenomenon is illustrated by simulations using a two-phase reactor model. The temperature overshoot of the adiabatic limit is typically of the order of the adiabatic temperature rise itself.The following mechanism underlies this behavior. Light fuel is supplied to the catalytic wall by fast diffusion (in the direction perpendicular to flow), while the heat released by reaction is removed from the wall by the slower, mixture-averaged heat conduction. This leads to accumulation of heat at the catalytic surface that eventually saturates at high temperatures. The hot spots may exhibit intricate dynamics, propagating downstream or upstream, or they may remain stationary. The direction of propagation depends on the relative strength of convective downstream and conductive upstream contributions to the overall displacement of reaction fronts. Generally, the hot spot tends to drift downstream at low flow velocities, remain stationary at intermediate flow velocities, and drift upstream at high flow velocities.     

Gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan solutions estimated in terms of concentration fluctuation

The gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan aqueous solutions was investigated by using polarized light scattering and X-ray diffraction techniques in terms of the liquid-liquid phase separation. When an incident beam of He-Ne gas laser was directed to the gel prepared by quenching the agarose solution, the logarithm of scattered intensity increased linearly in the initial stage and tended to deviate from this linear relationship in the latter stage. If the linear increase in the initial stage could be analyzed within the framework of the linear theory of spinodal decomposition proposed by Cahn, the phase diagram indicated that the gelation is attributed to the phase separation due to the concentration fluctuation of solution. Furthermore, in the later stage showing the deviation of the linear relationship, light scattering under Hv polarization condition showed a X-type pattern indicating the existence of optically anisotropic rods, the optical axes being parallel or perpendicular with respect to the rod axis. In spite of the existence of the rods, no crystallites were confirmed by the corresponding X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements. For κ-carrageenan solutions, the logarithm of scattered intensity against time showed a constant value. This indicated that the gelation of κ-carrageenan solutions is independent of liquid-liquid phase separation but is due to the rapid formation of cross-linking points. Accordingly it turns out that the small difference of chemical structure between agarose and κ-carrageenan causes quite different gelation mechanism.     

GH871 合金的蠕变断裂机制

对采用AIM+ESR和VIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金在650 ℃的蠕变性能及特征的研究表明,与用AIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金相比,用VIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金在蠕变断裂过程中裂纹萌生的形式(包括裂纹形状及形成时间)和裂纹扩展至裂纹连接所需的时间均表现出明显韧化的特征.     

Mechanism for the Peritectic Reaction and Growth of Aligned Grains in YBa2Cu3O6+x

It is experimentally observed that the peritectic reaction, 211 + liquid → 123, can be driven essentially to completion in 1 h at an undercooling of only ∽30°C. The kinetic data, together with the observed microstructures, are inconsistent with the normal mechanism of the peritectic reaction. It is proposed that the mechanism of the reaction involves dissolution of 211 particles into the liquid and precipitation of solid 123. The aligned grain structure is explained through sympathetic nucleation of new 123 grains on existing grains.     

n-Al2O3/Ni复合镀层的组织与滑动磨损性能研究

用电刷镀技术制得了镍基n-Al2O3复合镀层，并对镀层的滑动磨损性能进行了试验研究。纳米复合镀层的表面形貌比较细腻，镀层中纳米粒子分布均匀，与基质金属结合紧密。镀层显微硬度达到HV700，比快速镍镀层提高约40％。滑动磨损试验结果表明，随着纳米粒子含量的增大，镀层的耐磨性提高，摩擦系数也呈增大趋势；但当镀层中n-Al2O3粒子的超过2.56%(质量分数）时，镀层的耐磨性显著下降。纳米复合镀层的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主，而快速镍底层以粘着磨损为主。     

石灰竖窑工作衬砖蚀损机理的探讨

阐述了石灰竖窑的预热带、煅烧带和冷却带工作衬砖蚀损机理，并讨论了如何根据耐火砖性能和石灰竖窑不同区域的蚀损机理，选择耐火材料。     

乙醇电氧化的研究进展

简要地叙述了国内外乙醇电催化氧化的研究进展，着重介绍不同电极材料对乙醇电氧化的影响及目前所提山的机理，并对其可能的研究方向提出了建议。     

修井机多桥间转向传动机构的设计

对于大型修井机采用的重型底盘,多桥转向系统是底盘开发中的关键技术之一。在分析目前修井机采用的转向传动结构(方案1)存在问题的基础上,参照军用车底盘的应用案例又提出了2种方案,经对比分析,确定了最佳的传动机构新方案,并根据多桥转向理论和四连杆机构的几何关系对该机构进行了参数确定。通过实际应用,证明该转向传动布置方案具有传动误差小、不产生附加转向、现场调节安装方便、易于组织生产等特点。     

龙开口水电站溢流坝段动力模型破坏试验研究

采用仿真混凝土材料研究了龙开口水电站溢流坝段在不同因素影响下的动力破坏特征,并通过对6个模型试验结果的分析探讨了溢流坝段的动力破坏机理。试验中考虑了坝体-库水的动力相互作用以及横河向地震动对大坝破坏的影响,采用规范谱波和场地谱波两种地震动激励进行模型超载破坏分析。试验结果为工程设计和评价溢流坝段的抗震性能提供依据。     

β放射性气体浓度计的新分度方法

本文介绍β放射性气体浓度计的一种新的分度方法——泄漏元件排气法。其特点是一只元件可分度放射性气体浓度计的许多读出数(甚至是几个量程),操作方便。