On the robust control of stable minimum phase plants with large uncertainty in a time constant. A fractional-order control approach

This paper addresses the problem of designing controllers that are robust to a great uncertainty in a time constant of the plant. Plants must be represented by minimum phase rational transfer functions of an arbitrary order. The design specifications are: (1) a phase margin for the nominal plant, (2) a gain crossover frequency for the nominal plant, (3) zero steady state error to step commands, and (4) a constant phase margin for all the possible values of the time constant (T$T$): 0<T<∞$0<T<\infty$. We propose a theorem that defines the structure of the set of controllers that fulfil these specifications and show that it is necessary for these robust controllers to include a fractional-order PI$PI$ term. Examples are developed for both stable and unstable plants, and the results are compared with a standard PI$PI$ controller and a robust controller designed using the QFT$QFT$ methodology.     

引水工程大流量渡槽结构型式选择

针对工程等级高、过水流量大、抗震设防要求高的引水工程,渡槽结构型式选择存在工程技术难题,根据引水工程渡槽槽墩较高、荷载大、结构断面大、沉降变形影响因素较为复杂特点,进行了渡槽支承型式、槽身截面形式、渡槽墩身的比选。结果表明:简支结构具有减少施工难度和不均匀沉降对槽体结构应力影响,简化结构受力条件,简支结构较为有利优点。空心重力墩具有节省材料,充分利用材料强度,刚度较大,墩身质量较轻,抗震能力和抗冲击强,高度较大优点,对类似工程设计具有参考意义。     

半封闭连通管式差压传感器在桥梁挠度测量中的应用

挠度是评价桥梁结构安全性的重要指标。根据桥梁结构特点,选用半封闭连通管式差压传感器进行实际工程应用。论述了传感器的基本原理,介绍了实际的半封闭连通管式差压传感器及其系统的构成,并将该传感系统应用于荆岳长江公路大桥通车鉴定试验的静载挠度测量中,测量结果表明:半封闭连通管式差压传感器的测量数据能够有效地反映桥梁结构状态变化,且具有较高的测量效率和准确度。     

Frictional wear in high temperature thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers: correlation with glass transitions

Wholly aromatic thermotropic main chain liquid crystalline copolymers (LCPs) with varying glass transitions (T_g) were tested for wear resistance, particularly under high friction conditions, where surface temperatures can rise. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and DSC were used to characterize molecular relaxations. Three copolyester LCPs which all contain a substantial fraction of main chain 1,4-phenyl groups were chosen for this study. These included semi-crystalline Vectra^® A900, a semi-crystalline LCP containing phenyl hydroquinone (phHQ-LCP), and a low crystallinity LCP containing t-butyl substituted hydroquinone (t-butylLCP). These have glass transitions of 100, 160 and 175 °C, respectively, and heat deflection temperatures (HDTs) of 170, 260 and 174 °C, respectively. HDT is dependent in part on crystallinity. The wear performance was found to depend mainly on T_g and not HDT, suggesting a microscopic failure mechanism related to the amorphous phase. This is supported by the relatively poor elevated temperature wear performance of Vectra^® compared to the higher T_g LCPs. Shear strength measurements on the neat LCP resins did not correlate with wear properties of the blends, most likely because the measurements were made at room temperature and not elevated temperatures.     

聚氨酯软泡压陷性能的测试

介绍了软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料压陷性能的测试标准，不同厚度样品的压陷硬度测试值的差异，采用50%压缩负荷估计压陷硬度的简易测试方法，以及压陷性能测试的影响因素，并对测试聚氨酯软泡压陷性能的国家标准与国外标准的差别进行了比较。     

中国冲积大河的河型分布与成因

结合遥感影像、野外调查和水沙数据,以冲积大河为研究对象,分析中国大河的河型分布及成因。中国大河的冲积河段以弯曲与辫状河型为主,局部河段为分汊与网状河型。综合考虑河型分布的一般性和特殊性,认为相对输沙率(来沙量与输沙能力之比)、相对河岸侵蚀切应力(近岸水流切应力与河岸临界抗冲切应力之比)和河谷地形控制(如节点和宽度)是决定河型成因的3个最主要的因素。     

输出窗材料的研究进展

输出窗是高真空微波管中的关键构件,本文对目前应用的各种输出窗材料的性能、制备以及应用现状进行了评述。针对大功率毫米波微波管用输出窗材料的需求,提出了制备输出窗复相陶瓷以及创新制备方法等解决思路。     

柔性管设计中允许竖向变形的合理取值

本文分析了地下埋设的柔性管的竖向变形与管壁弯曲性能的关系，讨论了几类不同材质管道承受一定的工作压力时它们的竖向变形的合理取值。     

化工投资重点应在大型企业

本文分析了１９９３年化工百强企业的经济状况，提出化工投资重点应放在大型企业。     

超长、超大基坑开挖对邻近地铁结构安全影响的数值模拟分析

为了研究超长、超大基坑开挖对邻近地铁结构安全影响,以西安地铁2号线周边某基坑为工程实例,通过运用数值分析软件,结合场地的水文地质和工程地质条件,建立数值模型,进行施工过程的动态模拟,同时进行现场监测,经对比数值模拟结果及监测数据,表明运用PLAXIS软件能有效的模拟基坑开挖过程中的土体变形。同时工程采用的分段、分块开挖,中心岛顺做,周边预留土台反压、使用旋喷锚索的支护方案,对复杂条件下基坑开挖对邻近地铁结构的变形影响能起到有效的控制作用,可对类似工程的设计优化提供有益的参考及借鉴。