The cockpit environment is changing rapidly. New technology allows airborne computerised information, flight automation and data transfer with the ground. By 1995, not only will the pilot's task have changed, but also the tools for doing that task. To provide knowledge and direction for these changes, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Lockheed-Georgia Company have completed three identical Advanced Concepts Flight Simulation Facilities.
Many advanced features have been incorporated into the simulators — e g, cathode ray tube (CRT) displays of flight and systems information operated via touch-screen or voice, print-outs of clearances, cockpit traffic displays, current databases containing navigational charts, weather and flight plan information, and fuel-efficient autopilot control from take-off to touchdown. More importantly, this cockpit is a versatile test bed for studying displays, controls, procedures and crew management in a full-mission context. The facility also has an air traffic control simulation, with radio and data communications, and an outside visual scene with variable weather conditions. These provide a veridical flight environment to evaluate accurately advanced concepts in flight stations. 相似文献
The specific heat at constant pressure, Cp, of aluminum measured by Ditmars, Plint, and Shukla has been reduced to the volume V0 appropriate for 0 K employing the Murnaghan equation. The Cv0 thus obtained is compared with the theoretical Cv0 calculated in the harmonic and the lowest-order anharmonic approximation from three different pseudopotentials (Harrison, Ashcroft, and Dagens-Rasolt-Taylor) as well as a phenomenological Morse potential. The higher-order (
4) anharmonic contributions are calculated from the same nearest-neighbor Morse potential as in the lowest-order anharmonic theory. The role of the vacancy and the higher-order anharmonic contributions to Cv0 has been examined and we conclude that the
4 contributions to Cv0 are much smaller than the vacancy contribution. After removal of the vacancy contribution, the reduced Cv0 is found to be in excellent agreement with the Ashcroft and Harrison pseudopotentials as well as the Morse potential including the
2 and
4 contributions to Cv0. 相似文献