A historical perspective of algorithmic lateral inhibition and accumulative computation in computer vision

Certainly, one of the prominent ideas of Professor José Mira was that it is absolutely mandatory to specify the mechanisms and/or processes underlying each task and inference mentioned in an architecture in order to make operational that architecture. The conjecture of the last fifteen years of joint research has been that any bottom-up organization may be made operational using two biologically inspired methods called “algorithmic lateral inhibition”, a generalization of lateral inhibition anatomical circuits, and “accumulative computation”, a working memory related to the temporal evolution of the membrane potential. This paper is dedicated to the computational formulation of both methods. Finally, all of the works of our group related to this methodological approximation are mentioned and summarized, showing that all of them support the validity of this approximation.     

Adjacent assembly of self-assembled monolayers for the construction of selective bio-platforms

Selective patterning of bio-substances onto solid platforms is of increasing importance in many areas and widely used for various applications ranging from bio-sensing to cell and tissue engineering. In this study, a new fabrication scheme for the construction of highly selective bio-platforms is presented. The method is based on a direct patterning of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) bio-inert layers on a conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using electron beam lithography and subsequent assembly of modified amine reactive layers onto the exposed areas. The process is found to create very high “surface contrast” between adhesive and repulsive regions onto the substrate. The platforms are shown to be enable efficient for selective adsorption of a variety of bio-substances including protein arrays, latex beads, and single cells. The high resolution of the technique makes it also applicable for the construction and deposition of bio-structures at the sub-micron scale. The reported technique employs standard lithography and surface chemistry processes, which makes it useful and easy to adopt for a variety of applications and other conductive substrates.     

平流层飞艇轨迹跟踪控制设计

基于轨迹线性化控制（TLC）理论提出了一种全驱动平流层飞艇轨迹跟踪控制设计的新方法.该方法由期望姿态生成、运动学控制和动力学控制3部分组成.首先利用期望轨迹的Frenet标架构造期望的艇体坐标系,导出期望姿态的计算公式;然后将系统运动学部分按照移动和转动分解,动力学部分按纵向与横向分解,将整个系统划分为4个回路,并分别用TLC理论进行控制设计,避免了设计时对全系统求逆的困难;最后给出了控制方法的计算步骤和平流层飞艇跟踪典型轨迹的仿真结果,结果验证了所提出方法的可行性.     

基于小挠度假设的电容式微型压力传感器模型

在小挠度变形假设的基础上对接触型电容式微型压力传感器进行分析。通过对压力传感器敏感元件硅膜片的弹性分析给出了传感器的模型。传感器的接口电路由ＭＯＳ电流镜和模拟开关构成,该电路具有线性度好和测量增益高的特点,并能有效地消除电路中的寄生电容对测量的影响,大大降低测量噪声。     

DYNAMIC ANALYSES AND ROBUST STEERING CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR AUTOMATED LANE GUIDANCE OF HEAVY‐DUTY VEHICLES

In this paper, we present various linear analyses of the linearized lateral dynamics of heavy‐duty vehicles (HDVs) (tractor‐semitrailer type), which include time domain, frequency domain and pole/zero analyses. These analyses are conducted to examine the vehicle response to the steering input subjected to variations of speed, road adhesion coefficient, cargo load in the trailer, and look‐ahead distance for the lateral deviation sensor. These parameters (uncertainties) have significant influence on vehicle dynamics. It has been shown that redefining the look‐ahead lateral error as the controlled output has a favorable impact on the lateral control problem. Based on these analyses, a robust steering controller using H_∞ loop‐shaping procedure is designed for a tractor semitrailer combination to follow the road center line on both curved and straight highway sections. The proposed controller ensures the robust performance under model uncertainties which include varying vehicle longitudinal speed, road adhesion coefficient, and cargo load in the trailer. The performance of the designed controller is evaluated by simulations and validated by experiments.     

一种抗震型横向剪切干涉仪的设计

针对机械扫描式光谱分析设备抗震、抗干扰能力差等问题,设计了抗震型横向剪切干涉系统,将分束镜作为机械扫描部分产生光程差,通过两个分束镜之间的连杆将引入的外部震动、干扰等相互抵消.计算了产生干涉条纹的干涉强度,分析了旋转分束镜对应角度的光程差函数,并求解了顺时针与逆时针对应的最大旋转角度.实验分别在3种条件下进行,采用850 nm激光器,对比此光学系统与传统迈克尔逊干涉仪的抗干扰能力,实验结果再与WQF530型光谱分析仪进行比较.实验结果显示:在防震平台上,两者的测试值都接近标准值;但当无防震设备时,系统的抗震设计可以有效抵消外部干扰造成的功率偏差及半宽增大,比传统迈克尔逊干涉仪测得的激光半宽精确提高一倍以上.     

基于Euler-Bernoulli方程微悬臂梁弛豫分析

为探讨微机电系统中悬臂梁结构弛豫动力学特性,本文基于Euler-Bernoulli方程,计入空气滑膜阻尼对悬臂梁弛豫过程的影响,采用分离变量法导出悬臂梁挠度弛豫表达式;给出临界阻尼、过阻尼、欠阻尼梁挠度弛豫算例;利用ANSYS中瑞利阻尼模型对微悬臂梁临界阻尼、过阻尼、欠阻尼弛豫进行仿真,挠度弛豫过程在梁固定端附近与理论差异较大,仿真数据与理论偏差随挠度增加.     

层状土壤条件下地下滴灌水氮运移模型及应用

基于土壤水分运动的动力学方程和溶质运移的对流-弥散方程,考虑地下滴灌灌水器流量随时间的变化,建立了层状土壤地下滴灌施用硝酸铵(NH4NO3)条件下水氮运移的数学模型。利用均质砂土(S)、均质壤土(L)、上砂下壤(SL)和砂土夹层(LSL)四种土壤的试验数据对模型进行了验证。结果指出,考虑土壤中灌水器流量随时间变化可稍改善土壤含水率和硝态氮的模拟精度。利用验证后的数学模型研究了灌水器流量(1.1、1.75和2.6L/h)、灌水器与犁底层相对位置对地下滴灌水氮分布的影响,模拟结果表明灌水器流量对含水率分布的影响不明显,但灌水器流量的增大可明显增加20~40cm土层硝态氮含量;灌水器与犁底层相对位置对水氮分布影响显著,灌水器位于犁底层中(埋深25cm)土壤表层干土层较薄、水氮向下运移深度较小,有利于减小土壤蒸发和避免水氮淋失。     

荷载倾角对大直径长桩承载特性的影响分析

基于数值分析与荷载传递相结合的方法,利用FLAC3D对倾斜荷载下大直径长桩进行模拟,分析了荷载倾角对桩的承载特性的影响.结果表明,荷载倾角影响桩的承载方式,随着荷载倾角的逐渐增加,桩的承载方式由竖向承载为主逐渐向水平承载为主转化.荷载倾角在0°～20°范围内变化时,桩顶以沉降为主;在30°～90°范围内变化时,桩顶水平位移大于沉降.随着荷载倾角的增大,上部桩体侧移显著增大,桩两侧合土抗力零点向深部移动,桩端阻力减小.桩前侧和桩后侧最大合土抗力与荷载倾角的正弦值近似呈线性递增关系;桩前侧最大合土抗力受荷载倾角的影响比桩后侧最大合土抗力大.