伊利石型含钒石煤空白焙烧—酸浸提钒试验研究

为研究伊利石型含钒石煤空白焙烧-酸浸提钒工艺的可行性,以陕西商洛地区某伊利石型石煤钒矿为研究对象,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、焙烧粒度及浸出温度、硫酸浓度、浸出时间、液固比对钒浸出率的影响。试验结果表明：焙烧温度对钒的浸出率有显著影响,主要因为在一定的焙烧温度下,焙烧能有效破坏伊利石矿物晶体结构,使释放出来的低价钒氧化成高价态含钒化合物。对于850℃条件下空白焙烧后的石煤原料,在低酸(浓度为5%)、浸出温度90℃、浸出时间2小时、液固比4：1的条件下,钒浸出率可达72.43%,这表明对伊利石型含钒石煤进行空白焙烧提钒是可行的。浸渣样品的SEM分析结果表明,石煤焙烧过程中对钒发生的“铁束缚-硅包裹”和部分未从伊利石中释放的钒是造成钒损失的主要原因。     

细菌柱浸铀矿工艺过程中钍浸出特征 试验研究

以721铀矿云际矿石为研究对象,通过室内铀矿石柱浸试验,研究铀矿石在细菌池浸过程中钍浸出特征。试验结果表明,柱浸过程中,水文地球化学条件(pH和Eh)对钍浸出影响不大,随着时间变化,pH值在1.73¹.36发生变化,Eh值在1691.36发生变化,Eh值在169⁵92mV变化,但钍浸出量基本稳定在2.2592mV变化,但钍浸出量基本稳定在2.2².5mg/L。同时试验结果发现,原矿铀浸出率为80.03%,钍浸出率仅约为14.1%,主要原因是U、Th的化学性质不同,Th均以+4价稳定存在于矿石中,一般不易被溶解而迁移转化。U具有多种价态,在氧化条件下显示+6价,而这种价态的U性质活泼,易于在环境中迁移转化。     

渤海深层变质岩潜山油藏裂缝主控因素及预测

渤中13-2大型潜山地区是渤海海域发现的首个亿吨级深层变质岩潜山油藏.通过已钻井的岩心、薄片、测试、测井等资料,从构造演化、成岩作用、古地貌特征等方面,阐述了研究区潜山储集空间类型、裂缝发育主控因素及分布规律,为研究区的高效开发奠定基础.研究结果表明:①多期次构造运动是导致裂缝形成的主控因素,风化淋滤和裂缝充填是造成储...     

从氯化铅渣中回收铅铋的研究

本文以柿竹园有色金属矿粗铋火法精炼、气化除铅产出的铅渣为原料，在常压下采用氯化钠水溶液进行浸出处理，有效地分离了铅和铋，并将铅制成了化工产品黄丹及硫酸铅     

大豆蛋白分离工艺研究

阐述了大豆蛋白质的分离原理,分析了运用“碱提酸沉”分离法提取大豆蛋白质过程中,豆粕的粉碎方式、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提液的pH值以及离心工艺对提取效果的影响,为大豆蛋白／聚丙烯腈纤维的工业化生产提供了依据。     

从低品位含金尾矿中回收金的堆浸参数研究

辽宁丹东某铜矿尾矿金品位为1.35 g/t,属低品位难处理金矿。采用柱浸模拟现场堆浸工艺条件,对工艺参数进行了模拟试验。条件实验表明,在浸出剂氰化钠浓度为0.10%、石灰水喷淋调整浸出液pH=11、矿层高度305 mm、在10℃以上浸出120 h,金浸出率为58.14%。放大试验延长浸出时间至480 h,金浸出率达到70%左右。获得的工艺参数可为堆浸生产提供指导。     

Ångstrom‐Scale Silver Particles as a Promising Agent for Low‐Toxicity Broad‐Spectrum Potent Anticancer Therapy

Cancer incidence is rising, and the efficacy of current available anticancer agents is limited by severe dose‐limiting toxicities and drug resistance problems. Nanoparticles are heralded as the next frontier in cancer treatment. Here, a pure physical method is used to efficiently fabricate very small silver particles even approaching the Ångstrom (Ång) dimension. Fructose is used as a dispersant and stabilizer to coat the Ång‐scale silver particles (AgÅPs). Functional and mechanistic studies demonstrate that fructose‐coated AgÅPs (F‐AgÅPs) can enter and accumulate in multiple cultured cancer cell lines to induce apoptotic death, whereas most normal cells are resistant to the efficacious dose of F‐AgÅPs; in vivo, intravenous administration of F‐AgÅPs potently inhibits the growth of pancreatic and lung cancer xenografts in nude mice, without inducing notable toxic effects on the healthy tissues. The results suggest the promising potential of F‐AgÅPs as a potent, safe, and broad‐spectrum agent for the cancer treatment.     

Computational modelling of unsaturated flow of liquid in heap leaching—using the results of column tests to calibrate the model

Unsaturated flow of liquid in a bed of uniform and spherical ore particles is studied numerically and experimentally. An unsteady and two-dimensional model is developed based on the mass conservation equations of liquid phase in the bed and in the particles. The model equations are solved using a fully implicit finite difference method giving the distribution of the degree of saturation in the particles and in the bed and the vertical velocity of flow in the bed, as well as, the effect of periodic infiltration on the above distributions. To calibrate the computational model, several column tests are performed using periodic infiltration of water on 40 cm high columns composed of ore having particles smaller than 25 mm. The numerical analysis shows that (a) the results obtained from numerical modelling under the same operating conditions as used for column tests, are in good agreement with those from experimental procedure, (b) the degree of saturation of the bed and the time required to reach steady state conditions depend on the inflow of water and intrinsic permeability of the bed and (c) the velocity fluctuations and the fluctuations of the degree of saturation in the bed depend on the inflow of water, period of infiltration, height and intrinsic permeability of the bed.     

Nitrate leaching from loamy soils as affected by crop rotation and nitrogen fertilizer application

Nitrate leaching as affected by cropping system/crop rotation, history of farmyard manure application or fertilizer nitrogen application (0 N, 0.5 N and 1 N) was studied at nine sites on loamy soils during 1986/87, 1987/88 and 1988/89. Soil solution from 80 to 90 cm soil depth was sampled every second week in the period November to May by the use of porous ceramic cups and analysed for NO₃-N and Cl. Climatical conditions were obtained from standard meteorological observations in the region. Drainage from soil profiles was calculated from measured and simulated values of precipitation and actual evapotranspiration, respectively.The results show that type of crop is of the utmost importance for the leaching magnitude of nitrate as 40% of the total variance in nitrate concentrations in the soil solution could be explained by the type of crop.The second factor of importance was the history of farmyard manure (FYM) application, which was able to explain 28% of the total variation in nitrate concentration in the soil solution. Nitrate concentration/leaching from arable land without FYM ever being applied was considerably lower than from arable land which received periodical FYM applications until the early 70's or from arable land which besides periodical FYM applications in the past presently still receives regular applications of FYM. Only about 1% of the total variation in nitrate concentration in the soil solution was explainable by the level of fertilizer nitrogen application.Differences between years explained 14% of the total variation in nitrate concentration in the soil solution due to differences between the years in soil temperatures and water run-off. The run-off during the autumn and winter of 1986/87, 1987/88 and 1988/89 was 95, 275 and 55 mm, respectively. As expected nitrate leaching increased with increasing run off. However, nitrate leaching at the 275 mm run off was considerably lower than expected, which seems explainable by a substantial denitrification. The soil at the sites in question seems thus partly to purify the soil solution for nitrate before it leaves the root zone at the observed high run off conditions.     

植物浸取剂原地浸出离子型稀土矿中试模拟

分别以“散样重装”和保持矿体原样的离子型稀土矿为原料,开展植物浸取剂浸出稀土的小试和“原地浸出”中试模拟试验。探讨了试验动力学,探索了植物浸取剂浓度和用量对浸出的影响,并它的渗透性和浸取性能与硫酸铵为浸出剂时的进行了对比。结果表明,植物浸取剂浸出稀土过程的动力学符合“收缩未反应核模型”;128.2 kg浓度为2%植物浸取剂浸出451 kg稀土矿是合适的;保持矿体原样的稀土矿渗透性较差,植物浸取剂的水平平均渗透速度、垂直平均渗透速度、浸出率分别为0.141 cm/min、0.213 cm/min、94.40%,均好于硫酸铵的。