氨基糖苷类抗生素混合物对蛋白核小球藻的时间依赖性毒性

越来越多的研究表明,污染物在不同暴露时间具有不同的毒性变化规律。以4种氨基糖苷类抗生素,硫酸安普霉素(APR)、双氢链霉素(DIH)、硫酸新霉素(NEO)和硫酸链霉素(STS)为混合物组分,应用直接均分射线法和均匀射线法对4类抗生素设计出6组二元混合体系和4组三元混合体系,每个混合物体系设计5条射线共50条射线,采用时间毒性微板分析法(T-MAT)测定这些抗生素混合物射线在6个暴露时间点(即0、12、24、48、72和96 h)对蛋白核小球藻(C.pyrenoidosa)的生长抑制毒性。结果表明,抗生素二元和三元混合物系的50条射线对C.pyrenoidosa毒性均具有明显的时间依赖性,即混合物射线的毒性随着暴露时间的延长而增强;以半数效应浓度(EC50)的负对数p EC50为毒性指标,不同混合物体系的时间毒性变化规律不同,有的混合物从0 h开始,毒性随时间延长逐渐增强,有的从12 h或24h,甚至48 h后,毒性开始迅速增加;同一混合物体系中不同射线的毒性因组分浓度比的变化而变化,即混合物射线的毒性随毒性大的组分比例增加而增强。     

镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的活化工艺及机理

细菌浸出是镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的潜在处理方案之一。针对该矿石浸出活性较低的问题,研究了硫酸预浸出和硫酸铵焙烧预浸出2种活化方案,并与细菌直接浸出(空白试验)做了比较。结果表明,2种活化方案都有利于金属回收,但硫酸铵焙烧预浸出方案的活化效果更优:浸出时间为8 d时,Ni、Cu和Mg的浸出率分别为90.2%、89.56%和61.19%,分别高于硫酸预浸出方案2.08%、12.2%和8.95%。矿石中的Mg主要在硫酸铵焙烧预浸出阶段进入溶液,细菌对Mg浸出的影响不大。XRD和能谱分析表明:浸出渣中Ni和Cu的残留量很低,Mg主要存在于难浸出的蛇纹石之中。     

纳米二氧化硅的制备及在生物医学领域的应用

综述了近几年来纳米二氧化硅的一些主要制备方法,例如:St(o)ber法、模板法、微乳液法、气溶胶法.并且简述了纳米二氧化硅在抗菌剂、药物缓释等生物医学领域中的应用,以及纳米二氧化硅微球的浓度、粒径大小、表面性质等方面对纳米二氧化硅的生物安全性的影响.介绍了无定型纳米二氧化硅的毒性与其结构的关系,同时指出了单分散纳米石英颗粒的制备还存在许多亟待解决的难点.     

非生育期春灌灌水量对土壤盐分变化的影响

通过田间小区试验,分析3个不同滴灌棉田春灌灌水量1350、1800和2250 m3/hm2对盐分变化的影响。试验表明:在相同灌水量下,宽行、窄行和膜间3个不同行距的脱盐效果,宽行最好;3个灌水量下,1800 m3/hm2的灌水量对盐分淋洗效果较好。此结果可为当地春灌提供指导,对制定灌溉制度有一定的借鉴作用。     

硅藻土纯化处理工艺研究进展

硅藻土具有良好的物理、化学特性,被广泛的应用于填料、建材、农业、化工等多个领域。我国硅藻土虽然储量多,分布广,但是多数矿床杂质含量高,不能直接利用。合理的选择纯化工艺以及新的纯化工艺的开发已经成为该领域未来研究的热点。从物理纯化法、化学纯化法和物理-化学联合纯化法三个方面对目前硅藻土的提纯方法进行了归纳整理,在此基础上,提出了获得高品位、高比表面积硅藻土的纯化方案新构想,以期能在具体工业生产中具有一定的指导意义。     

Leaching of a copper flotation concentrate with ammonium persulfate in an autoclave system

The leaching behavior of a copper flotation concentrate was investigated using ammonium persulfate （APS） in an autoclave systee. The decomposition products of APS, active oxygen, and acidic medium were used to extract metals from the concentrate. Leaching experiments were performed to compare the availability of APS as an oxidizing agent for leaching of the concentrate under atmospheric conditions and in an autoclave system. Leaching temperature and APS concentration were found to be important parameters in both leaching systems. Atmospheric leaching studies showed that the metal extractions increased with the increase in APS concentration and temperature （up to 333 K）. A similar tendency was determined in the autoclave studies up to 423 K. It was also determined that the metal extractions decreased at temperatures above 423 K due to the passivation of the particle surface by molten elemental sulfur. The results showed that higher copper extractions could be achieved using an autoclave system.     

Kinetics study of leaching arsenic from Ni-Mo ore roasting in dust mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids

The kinetics of leaching arsenic from Ni-Mo ore roasting dust was investigated. The effects including leaching temperature, particle size of the smelter dust, stirring speed, the coefficient β（the molar ratio of sodium chlorate to arsenic in the smelter dust） and the initial H＋ concentration on leaching arsenic were studied. The results indicate that the leaching of arsenic increases sharply with the decrease of particle size. The orders of reaction with respect to H＋ concentration and particle size are determinted to be 1.136 and 1.806, respectively. The leaching of arsenic reaches 99% under experimental conditions, the apparent activation energy is determined to be 11.157 kJ/mol, which is consistent with the values of activation energy for diffusion model The kinetics equation of leaching arsenic from the roasting dust could be expressed by a semi-empirical equation as 1-2/3η （1 -η）^2/3 = k0（c[H＋]）^1.136ro^-1.806 exp[（-11157 /RT）t].     

Immobilizing chromium in stainless steel slags with MnO addition

This work investigates the stabilizing impact of MnO on the leaching behavior of hazardous Cr-containing CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-MnO stainless steel slags after equilibrating at various elevated temperatures and evaluates the potential immobilization of Cr into a MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase from the existing Cr₂O₃ phase. The MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase was found to be an excellent Cr-stabilizer in stainless steel slags, where the leaching tendency of potentially hazardous Cr-related ions decreased with higher MnO content and lower equilibration temperatures within the range of 0 to 15 mass pct. and 1500 to 1300°C, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations by conducting the phase stability diagram also showed that the MnCr₂O₄ spinel phase was relatively stable and the Ca₃Si₂O₇ (Ca_3-xMn_xSi₂O₇) phase was relatively unstable compared with other crystal phases in acid extractant with pH value of 3.2. Combined with the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction results along with the thermodynamic calculations, the leached Cr-related ions was predominantly originating from the unstable amorphous glass phase.     

Recovery of Phosphoric Acid from Spent Petrochemical Catalysts

Petrochemical catalysts are widely used in the industry. For the production of cumene, zeolite-based catalysts containing phosphoric acid are applied. Over the time, coking deactivates the surface, and the catalyst has to be exchanged and disposed of. Different process approaches for recycling the phosphoric acid-containing catalysts were investigated. Related preliminary investigations have shown that calcination of the used catalyst is necessary prior to reprocessing. By digesting the catalyst with hydrofluoric acid, ∼96 % phosphate was recovered. However, this process is very costly in terms of process technology. More promising is digestion by basic or acidic routes. Several options are possible here, and digestion with H₃PO₄ proved to be particularly suitable. Here, phosphate yields reached up to 98.8 %, with a positive balance of economic efficiency at the same time. The catalyst can be produced and recycled in the same plant with the same reagents, what constitutes a major breakthrough towards sustainability in industrial catalysis.     

单─银精矿提取银的技术

某单─银矿经浮选所得精矿（％）：Ａｇｌ～２，Ｃｕ≈１，Ｐｂ４～７，ＣａＯ＋ＭｇＯ３０～３５，Ｓ４～７，Ｃ８～９。研究了氰化、硫脲、氨浸等方案对该精矿浸出效果，并从浸出指标等因素进行比较，认为焙烧─预浸─氨浸方案较好，银浸出率＞９７％，铜浸出率９５％。