Re-epithelialization: advancing epithelium frontier during wound healing

The first function of the skin is to serve as a protective barrier against the environment. Its loss of integrity as a result of injury or illness may lead to a major disability and the first goal of healing is wound closure involving many biological processes for repair and tissue regeneration. In vivo wound healing has four phases, one of them being the migration of the healthy epithelium surrounding the wound in the direction of the injury in order to cover it. Here, we present a theoretical model of the re-epithelialization phase driven by chemotaxis for a circular wound. This model takes into account the diffusion of chemoattractants both in the wound and the neighbouring tissue, the uptake of these molecules by the surface receptors of epithelial cells, the migration of the neighbour epithelium, the tension and proliferation at the wound border. Using a simple Darcy''s law for cell migration transforms our biological model into a free-boundary problem, which is analysed in the simplified circular geometry leading to explicit solutions for the closure and making stability analysis possible. It turns out that for realistic wound sizes of the order of centimetres and from experimental data, the re-epithelialization is always an unstable process and the perfect circle cannot be observed, a result confirmed by fully nonlinear simulations and in agreement with experimental observations.     

Isogeometric topology optimization of anisotropic metamaterials for controlling high-frequency electromagnetic wave

This study presents a level set–based topology optimization with isogeometric analysis (IGA) for controlling high-frequency electromagnetic wave propagation in a domain with periodic microstructures (unit cells). The high-frequency homogenization method is applied to characterize the macroscopic high-frequency waves in periodic heterogeneous media whose wavelength is comparative to or smaller than the representative length of a unit cell. B-spline basis functions are employed for the IGA discretization procedure to improve the performance of electromagnetic wave analysis in a unit cell and topology optimization. Also, to keep the same order of continuity on the periodic boundaries as on other element edges in the domain, we propose the extended domain approach, while incorporating Floquet periodic boundary condition (FPBC). Two types of optimization problems are taken as examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the standard finite element analysis (FEA). The optimization results provide optimized topologies of unit cells qualified as anisotropic metamaterials with hyperbolic and bidirectional dispersion properties at the macroscale.     

基于小波变换的权重自适应图像分割模型

针对灰度不均匀且含噪声图像的分割问题,提出了全局和局部灰度信息的权重参 数自适应水平集分割模型。首先,利用图像的全局和局部灰度信息构造全局能量项和局部能量 项;然后,利用小波变换和小波阈值去噪方法,构造对噪声不敏感的边缘信息刻画矩阵,定义包含 图像边缘信息的自适应权重系数矩阵;最后,利用定义的权重系数矩阵组合全局和局部能量项, 得到分割模型的能量泛函。使用变分法得到了水平集函数演化方程,利用有限差分法实现数值 求解。实验结果表明,该模型兼有 Chan-Vese 模型和 Local Binary Fitting 模型的优点,能够有效 地分割灰度不均匀含噪图像,并对活动轮廓曲线的初始位置和初始形状具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于水平集和支持向量机的图像声呐目标识别

为了能实现水下遇险目标的精确定位,首先要对声呐所获取的图像进行目标识别。利用水平集法获得水下声呐图像中目标轮廓后,提取目标轮廓的7个不变矩作为特征矢量,并将获取的不变矩特征输入到已经训练好的支持向量机中进行识别,从而得到识别结果。所使用的识别方法综合了基于水平集提取轮廓的长处,不变矩的位移、尺度、旋转不变性的特点和支持向量机在小样本、非线性模式识别中的独特优势。实验结果表明:该方法对高分辨率图像声呐具有较高的识别率和较低的误判率,对原始声呐图像的目标识别率高达99%,对加入方差为0.09的高斯噪声的声呐图像的目标识别率可以达到97%。     

Design and experimental validation of self-supporting topologies for additive manufacturing

ABSTRACT

Incorporating additive manufacturing (AM) constraints in topology optimisation can lead to performance optimality while ensuring manufacturability of designs. Numerical techniques have been previously proposed to obtain support-free designs in AM, however, few works have verified the manufacturability of their solutions. Physical verification of manufacturability becomes more critical recalling that the conventional density-based topology optimisation methods will inevitably require post-processing to smooth the boundaries before sending the results to a 3D printer. This paper presents the smooth design of self-supporting topologies using the combination of a new Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalisation method (SIMP) developed based on elemental volume fractions and an existing AM filter. Manufacturability of selected simulation results are verified with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. It is illustrated that the proposed method is able to generate convergent self-supporting topologies which are printable using FDM.     

基于多重水平集的三维磁性体边界反演

目前的水平集磁性目标体边界反演算法仅使用两个水平集,实际勘探存在多个具有不同磁化率的磁性地质体,需要进行多个水平集的反演,因而提出一种新的多重水平集反演算法,实现了对具有不同磁化率的多个磁性目标体位置和几何形状的反演.首先利用多重水平集原理建立多个水平集的反演目标函数;然后采用任意四面体单元磁法解析解进行高精度正演计算...     

利用主动轮廓算法提取火焰前锋

介绍了利用主动轮廓算法(ACM)从片光束二维激光测量图像中提取预混火焰前锋的原理,并结合V形火焰的OH平面激光诱导荧光图像分析比较了ACM和常用的阈值法．ACM从原理上消除了阈值法所包含的主观因素,自动获取最佳结果．测试结果表明当边界严重模糊时,阈值法的结果因噪声严重失去价值,而用ACM却能够获得平滑的火焰前锋．     

曲面变形的水平集方法

文中作者提出一种曲面变形的新方法.首先引入一个一阶能量范函,然后通过对其极小化诱导出一个水平集形式的二阶几何偏微分方程,从而将曲面变形过程转化为一个三维体上的隐式模型的演化过程.模型演化所产生的系列变形曲面被描述成一个密集取样的三维体上水平集函数的演化.实验结果显示大尺度的形变以及拓扑结构的自动改变均能理想地实现.作者采用C2光滑的B样条作为水平集函数,从而获得了高质量的曲面.伺时,作者的方法还具有其它一些优点,比如简单的用户输入、灵活的数学模型以及稳健的数值算法.     

Addressing the complex geometric effects on the three-dimensional transition to detonation in hydrocarbon-air mixtures using a parametrized level-set algorithm

A new level-set algorithm is developed that distinguishes the interior from the exterior of complex geometry by parameterizing the correlation between the stereolithography (STL) information and grid points in order to embody three-dimensional boundary interfaces in the Cartesian coordinate system. The method is applied to the flame and shock wave interactions in hydrocarbon fuel blends including the transition to a detonation in various three-dimensional geometric complexities for predicting the maximum chamber pressure. The locations of the strong shock-flame interactions and the onset of the hot spot initiation in the regions of the strongest interaction are investigated. Moreover, the study is intended for providing safety assessments of the pressure confinements that include bends, steps, and narrow channels connecting cavities by utilizing the present algorithm that can identify the triggering effects of the transition to detonation.