基于语言量化的多标准模糊群体决策算法研究

文章提出了一种基于模糊相似度量、IOWA算子和语言量化的群体模糊决策的方法,因为这种方法能够用模糊方法来代表和融合专家的意见,并且可以根据不同的量化语言确定不同的数据融合标准,从而显得更具有灵活性和智能性。     

语言判断矩阵满意一致性的判定方法

研究语言判断矩阵的满意一致性问题．在给出语言判断矩阵及其满意一致性有关概念的基础上，提出一种关于具有严格偏好关系的语言判断矩阵满意一致性的判定方法．依据所给出的判定方法，可相应地得出关于语言判断矩阵的方案优劣的排序方法．最后通过两个算例说明了所给出方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of Linguistic Features for Word Sense Disambiguation with Self-Organized Document Maps

Word sense disambiguation automatically determines the appropriate senses of a word in context. We have previously shown that self-organized document maps have properties similar to a large-scale semantic structure that is useful for word sense disambiguation. This work evaluates the impact of different linguistic features on self-organized document maps for word sense disambiguation. The features evaluated are various qualitative features, e.g. part-of-speech and syntactic labels, and quantitative features, e.g. cut-off levels for word frequency. It is shown that linguistic features help make contextual information explicit. If the training corpus is large even contextually weak features, such as base forms, will act in concert to produce sense distinctions in a statistically significant way. However, the most important features are syntactic dependency relations and base forms annotated with part of speech or syntactic labels. We achieve 62.9% ± 0.73% correct results on the fine grained lexical task of the English SENSEVAL-2 data. On the 96.7% of the test cases which need no back-off to the most frequent sense we achieve 65.7% correct results.     

Concurrent analogue fault simulation,the equation formulation aspect

Fault simulation is an essential tool for developing test patterns for circuits. Because the potential number of faults in a circuit is potentially very large, computational efficiency is an important consideration. In the digital domain, concurrent fault simulation is well‐established as an efficient tool. For analogue circuits, fault simulation is often performed by repeated insertion of possible faults and resimulation of the circuit. Consequently, methods for efficient concurrent analogue fault simulation are attracting attention. A review of existing methods of concurrent analogue fault simulation shows that most are based on a similar fundamental perturbation of the original fault‐free circuit equations, although the methods differ in the procedure applied after the circuit equations are formulated. We develop here a comprehensive set of element stamps, describing faulty elements, enabling effective and routine equation formulation for faulty circuits. These may be used no matter what method of fault simulation is later applied. These stamps are used in a new technique for concurrent analogue fault simulation, based on modified nodal analysis. A significant improvement in efficiency, compared with other methods, is demonstrated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

概念化心智活动的关键地位与交流的实现

语言符号并非天然地和它所指的客观事物或现象直接而精确地对应。人脑或心智活动的产物，即思想或概念，是将语言符号与客观事物或现象联系起来必不可少的媒介，这是Ogden和Richards名的语义三角理论的灵魂。由此可以认为，外界事物引起人脑主观思维活动并将其结果外化出来，这实质上是概念化问题。简要讨论了这种概念化过程的关键地位及其复杂性。     

文化差异及母语负迁移与英语教学

英语学习不仅仅是语言的学习，更是文化的学习．但长期以来，英语教学侧重的是对语言知识的传授．而对文化因素的教学一直是不自觉的；结果导致了学生文化敏感性较弱，易受母语文化的影响，给英语学习和跨文化交际带来了阻碍．因此，英语教学有必要加大对文化教学的力度。     

中国特色交际语言教学法的思考

生硬搬用某些教学法或武断地否认某些教学法都会给教学带来较大的损失．因此，外语教师应根据实际情况，灵活、适当地使用各种不同教学方法，博采众长，使教学取得更好的效果．针对广受学生欢迎的交际教学法中出现的问题，提出交际教学法应与传统教学法相结合，以达到良好的教学效果．     

The Effects of Auditory and Visual Linguistic Distractors on Target Localization.

In this experiment, a Stroop-like paradigm was used to investigate the ability to attend to visuospatial cues while ignoring distracting stimuli in the auditory or visual modality. In Part 1, the authors investigated whether linguistic cue words (i.e., RIGHT, LEFT, DOWN, and UP) would induce endogenous shifts of attention to visual targets. In Part 2, a relevant distractor stimulus was introduced in a different modality from the endogenous cues to investigate effects of interference. Twenty-five right-handed students served as participants. Auditory and visual linguistic cues were effective in inducing shifts of visual attention when cues were presented alone. Furthermore, introducing a distractor stimulus decreased the efficacy of these cues differently depending on modality, suggesting that language processing and visuospatial attention may share neuronal resources. Implications for unimodal and supramodal mechanisms of selective attention and relevant neuronal networks are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

乔姆斯基简评(英文)

著名语言学家乔姆斯基,被誉为当代认知科学之父,为语言学发展做出了杰出贡献。然而,一些消极评价也纷至沓来。本文从其对语言学的贡献出发来探讨其个性特征,旨在展示这一伟大人物人性之辉煌与其贡献一样让世人叹服。     

Practical compressed string dictionaries

The need to store and query a set of strings – a string dictionary – arises in many kinds of applications. While classically these string dictionaries have accounted for a small share of the total space budget (e.g., in Natural Language Processing or when indexing text collections), recent applications in Web engines, Semantic Web (RDF) graphs, Bioinformatics, and many others handle very large string dictionaries, whose size is a significant fraction of the whole data. In these cases, string dictionary management is a scalability issue by itself. This paper focuses on the problem of managing large static string dictionaries in compressed main memory space. We revisit classical solutions for string dictionaries like hashing, tries, and front-coding, and improve them by using compression techniques. We also introduce some novel string dictionary representations built on top of recent advances in succinct data structures and full-text indexes. All these structures are empirically compared on a heterogeneous testbed formed by real-world string dictionaries. We show that the compressed representations may use as little as 5% of the original dictionary size, while supporting lookup operations within a few microseconds. These numbers outperform the state-of-the-art space/time tradeoffs in many cases. Furthermore, we enhance some representations to provide prefix- and substring-based searches, which also perform competitively. The results show that compressed string dictionaries are a useful building block for various data-intensive applications in different domains.