倾斜可液化场地中矩形闭合型地下连续墙桥梁基础动力特性研究

矩形闭合型地下连续墙作为一种新型桥梁基础,在倾斜可液化场地中的动力响应特性还不清楚。基于离心机振动台试验结果,研究在倾斜可液化场地中的不同地震动工况下,矩形闭合型地下连续墙桥梁基础抵抗土体液化的性能及其位移(沉降、转角和水平位移)特征。通过对比在三种地震动(小震峰值为0.05g、中震峰值为0.13g、大震峰值为0.50g)作用下,远场土体与墙内土芯的动力响应特征,证实了矩形闭合型地下连续墙基础的抗液化性能。综合分析在3种地震动工况下,矩形闭合型地下连续墙基础的位移特征,讨论了其在倾斜可液化场地中作为桥梁基础的优劣性;分析发现在中震工况下,在可液化场地中矩形闭合型地下连续墙基础作为桥梁基础的性能最为显著。此外,通过对比有、无承台的两组矩形闭合型地下连续墙基础的位移特征,分析了矩形闭合型地下连续墙基础顶部承台的作用。     

扁铲侧胀试验用于液化判别的探讨

扁铲侧胀试验是一种非常有用的原位测试方法。结合南京的工程实践和国内、外的经验公式，提出了临界水平应力指数（KDer）的计算方法，并以此来进行液化判别和计算液化等级。结果表明扁铲侧胀试验是一种较好的、有前途的液化判别方法。     

分析堤防工程隐患做好堤防工程地质勘察

探讨了堤防主要的工程地质问题，并分析其产生的条件，结合北江大堤历史上曾经出现的险情及隐患，有针对性地提出作好堤防工程地质勘察的几点意见，对已建堤防的复查加固及兴建新堤防的勘察具有一定的参考意义。     

爆震条件下淤积砂基础的抗液化安全评价

三峡二期高土石围堰座落在极易液化的新淤积砂基础上，故在基坑钻爆开挖过程所诱发的爆破震动作用下对该淤积砂基础进行抗液化安全评价极具工程意义。本文利用爆震条件下一期围堰淤积砂基础中动孔隙水压力实测资料，结合二期围堰的静力有限元计算成果，设法对二期围堰淤积砂基础是否液化作出科学的评估。     

煤直接液化循环溶剂供氢性影响因素研究

在煤直接液化生产中,循环溶剂供氢性能的强弱对煤炭转化及油品收率发挥着关键作用,通过试验研究发现,在液化混合重油加工循环溶剂过程中,调整反应压力、反应温度、反应空速、催化剂活性等参数对循环溶剂供氢性能均有较大影响,尤其是反应压力、反应空速的影响更为显著。此次试验研究结果可有效指导工业生产,最大化地提高循环溶剂的供氢性能,从而间接提高煤直接液化的油收率,增加煤制油的经济效益。     

饱和细砂的动力反应及其中的弹性体波

该文通过室内试验揭示了饱和细砂在动荷载作用下的液化—析水—再固结动力反应过程 ,试验测得的超静孔隙水压力—时间关系曲线定量地反映了超静孔隙水压力的产生、发展和消散规律。试验结果和理论分析表明 ,动荷载作用下饱和细砂中存在着三种弹性体波———第一压缩波 (P1 波 )、第二压缩波 (P2 波 )和剪切波 (S波 )。     

粉质粘土液化层中采用夯扩桩失败原因的剖析

本文叙述了在饱和粉质粘土中进行夯扩桩施工所带来的工程质量问题;分析了因土的液化造成了桩质量事故的原因;介绍了碎石桩的应用效果.可供在类似地质条件下的工程进行桩基设计和施工时参考.     

Regulation of radicals by hydrogen-donor solvent in direct coal liquefaction

Radicals are important intermediates in direct coal liquefaction. Certain radicals can cause the cleavage of chemical bonds. At high temperatures, radical fragments can be produced by the splitting of large organic molecules, which can break strong chemical bonds through the induction pyrolysis of radicals. The reaction between the formation and annihilation of coal radical fragments and the effect of hydrogen-donor solvents on the radical fragments are discussed in lignite hydrogenolysis. Using the hydroxyl and ether bonds as indicators, the effects of different radicals on the cleavage of chemical bond were investigated employing density functional theory calculations and lignite hydrogenolysis experiments. Results showed that the adjustment of the coal radical fragments could be made by the addition of hydrogen-donor solvents. Results showed that the transition from coal radical fragment to H radical leads to the variation of product distribution. The synergistic mechanism of hydrogen supply and hydrogenolysis of hydrogen-donor solvent was proposed.     

固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性中的应用

生物质液化是当今研究生物质能源的热点之一。本文详细综述了三大类固体酸催化剂在生物质液化中的应用现状,简单介绍了固体酸催化剂在生物油改性中的研究进展。对固体酸催化剂在生物质液化及生物油改性方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

Control structure synthesis for operational optimization of mixed refrigerant processes for liquefied natural gas plant

The best control structures for the energy optimizing control of propane precooled mixed refrigerant (C₃MR) processes were examined. A first principles‐based rigorous dynamic model was developed to analyze the steady‐state and dynamic behaviors of the C₃MR process. The steady‐state optimality of the C₃MR process was then examined in a whole operation space for exploring the feasibility of the energy optimizing control for possible control structures. As a result, the temperature difference (TD) between the warm‐end inlet and outlet MR streams was exploited as a promising controlled variable to automatically keep the liquefaction process close to its optimum. The closed‐loop responses were finally evaluated for every possible control structure candidate. Based on the steady‐state optimality and the dynamic performance evaluation, several control structures with a TD loop were proposed to be most favorable for the energy optimizing control of the C₃MR process. The proposed optimality approach can be applied to any natural gas liquefaction process for determining a proper controlled variable for optimizing operation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2428–2441, 2014