液化油中含氮化合物的研究进展

综述了液化油的研究现状,石油、焦化行业中含氮化合物的分离方法和技术现状,阐述了液化油中含氮化合物的研究现状,介绍了油品中含氮化合物的分离效果和性质表征,最后对液化油中含氮化合物的研究前景进行了展望。     

Viscosity variations of coal-oil slurry under high temperature and high pressure during heating process

Heating coal-oil slurry (COSL) is an important step in direct coal liquefaction. Some physical and chemical properties of COSL including its viscosity will change during heating. A rotary viscometer was self-designed to measure the viscosity of COSL under high pressure and temperature. Three kinds of coal, which are Yanzhou coal (middle rank and caking), Shenhua coal (low rank and non-caking) and Shengli coal (brown coal), were mixed with anthracene oil to prepare the COSL. The COSL from Yanzhou, Shenhua and Shengli at the same experimental conditions showed different viscosity variations under high hydrogen pressure during heating. Yanzhou COSL had a higher viscosity peak, while Shenhua COSL had two small viscosity peaks and in the case of Shengli COSL, no viscosity peak was present under a high hydrogen pressure during the whole heating process. The coal nature is the important factor of viscosity variations of COSL. The higher the coal rank, the more caking coal is present, and the more obvious the viscosity variations of the COSL are.     

国内褐煤的加工应用

我国的褐煤资源量占煤炭资源总量的5.74%,是一开发潜力相当大的能源资源.近年来,随着褐煤产量的增长、国际油价上涨以及供油的不稳定性,更主要的是褐煤成本的低廉,使褐煤的加工利用日益受到重视.研究和开发褐煤的高效合理利用途径是其中的首要任务.针对褐煤的加工利用我们简要介绍了几种常见的褐煤的加工方法.     

煤炭直接液化残渣加氢研究进展

在煤炭直接液化生产过程中,会产生占液化原煤质量30％左右的液化残渣。它是一种高碳、高灰和高硫的物质,主要由未转化的煤、液化中间产物、无机矿物质以及煤液化催化剂组成。煤炭直接液化残渣有很高的利用价值,无论从经济角度还是环保角度出发,都需要对残渣进行利用,这也是煤炭直接液化工业化必须解决的问题。综述了煤炭直接液化残渣的来源、组成、性质、加氢研究现状及应用等。     

竹纤维素微粉的结构与性能研究

采用热化学酚化技术对竹粉进行液化,分离得到竹纤维素微粉(BCMP)。通过对比实验,测试了竹纤维酚化前后的结构和性能。实验结果表明,竹粉中的纤维素无定型组分和木质素组分完全被酚化,而未被酚化的残渣为具有高度结晶结构的纤维素纤维;BCMP纤维质量分数达97%以上,羟值126.8 mg KOH/g,热分解温度达300℃以上,并具有比竹粉更好的疏水性、耐热性、抗紫外老化性能和抑菌性能。     

Liquefactions of peat in supercritical water with a novel iron catalyst

Raw iron ore has been investigated for use as a catalyst in direct liquefaction of peat into bio-crude by supercritical water treatment. The liquefaction treatments were conducted at temperatures from 350 °C to 500 °C for a residence time from 10 min to 4 h. The supercritical water treatment of peat with the iron ore generally resulted in 19-40 wt% yield of heavy oil (HO) that has a higher heating value (HHV) of 30-37 MJ/kg. An increase in the operating temperature generally increased gas yield and decreased oil and char yields, while a maximum HO formation was observed at around 400 °C. At 400 °C for a residence time of 2 h, the addition of the raw iron ore in the operation produced HO at a very high yield of about 40 wt%, nearly doubling that of the treatment without catalyst. An increase of water-to-peat ratio led to enhanced formation of HO products, accompanied by a decrease in gas or char yield. The optimal reaction time appeared to be 2 h for the maximum HO production, and a longer residence time than 2 h generally led to a decrease in HO yield but an increase in gas yield. Compared with the raw iron ore, its H₂-reduced form and two synthesized iron-based catalysts (FeOOH and Fe₂O₃) all showed a lower activity for HO production. Some conventional biomass liquefaction catalysts (i.e., KOH, FeCl₃ and FeSO₄) showed negligible or even negative effects on the HO yield, while these catalysts were found very active for promoting the gas yields and hydrogen formation.     

Characterization of polyurethane foams prepared from non‐pretreated liquefied corn stover with PAPI

Polyurethane foams were prepared through co‐polymerization of non‐pretreated liquefied corn stover (LCS) and polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate (PAPI). The effects of [NCO]/[OH] ratio on the chemical structure and the thermal properties were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The urethane linkages and the free isocyanate groups in co‐polymerization were detected from FT‐IR analysis. Thermal decomposition of polyurethane foams occurred in four main successive stages. With the increasing [NCO]/[OH] ratio, the glass transition temperature (T_g) and the initial decomposition temperature increased from −36.12 and 52.18 to 1.20 and 73.30°C, respectively. And the range of T_g expanded from 26.39 to 57.12°C.     

我国煤炭液化技术产业化前景展望

阐明了煤炭液化产业化对平衡能源结构 ,解决石油短缺具有重要意义。认为我国煤炭液化产业化在技术上和经济上已经可行 ,在中国有广阔的发展前景 ,并指出了煤炭液化产业化需要解决的问题。     

木材溶液制备聚氨酯胶粘剂的研究

研究了以苯甲基化木材溶液代替聚醚多元醇制备了聚氨酯胶粘剂，讨论了异氰酸酯用量、聚乙二醇用量、增塑剂用量及固化时间等对胶粘剂性能的影响，并获得了最佳的工艺条件。     

麦秆液化物环氧树脂的制备与表征

以苯酚为溶剂,浓硫酸为催化剂液化麦秆得到麦秆液化产物,并以其为原料与环氧氯丙烷反应制备出以麦秆液化物为基材的环氧树脂。考察了液比(苯酚与麦秆质量比)、反应温度和反应时间对液化反应的影响。采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对比分析了麦秆液化物及其环氧树脂的相对分子量分布。以聚酰胺为固化剂进行固化并进行力学测试。结果表明:在液比为4∶1,反应温度为150℃,反应那个时间为60min时,麦秆液化效果最佳,此时,麦秆液化物环氧树脂固化物的剪切强度可达4.1MPa。