关于超临界流体技术在反应工程上应用的回顾和进展

本文就超临界流体技术在反应工程上应用的原理和对实践的探索作了简要的历史回顾,同时提出了超临界流体技术在反应工程应用上的未来发展方向。     

LNG输送管道耦合传热的数值模拟

对LNG输送管道与其周围环境之间的耦合传热过程进行分析,包括管道与保温层之间的导热以及保温层与周围环境之间的对流传热和辐射,并对LNG输送管道的冷量损失进行了较为完整的分析和计算。用数值仿真对管道周围的流场和温度场进行模拟和分析,比较了不同厚度的保温材料、Reynolds数、环境温度以及阳光辐射等对冷量损失的影响。结果表明保温材料特性对LNG输送管道的冷量损失影响较为敏感。随着保温材料热阻的增加,Reynolds数、环境温度以及阳光辐射对冷量的损失的影响逐渐减小。     

疆内某LNG液化工厂工艺流程比选

随着天然气能源行业的迅速发展,液化天然气作为一种清洁能源,越来越受到人们的欢迎,而液化天然气技术也成为天然气工业中一个极其重要的部分。根据疆内LNG液化工厂的建立,考虑目前比较成熟的三种液化流程,对比分析了不同液化流程的能耗情况以及各自液化流程优势。     

为建设煤炭直接液化示范厂而努力

介绍了煤炭液化技术和建设云南先锋褐煤液化厂、神华烟煤液化厂可行性研究的进展情况 ,并分析了这两个项目对西部大开发的意义     

煤液化过程中溶剂的作用

综述了近年关于煤液化反应中溶剂作用方面的研究成果，以及研究溶剂作用的新分析手段和研究方法。     

Metal Ion‐Catalyzed Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Calcium Lignosulfonate in Subcritical Water

Three metal ion catalysts, namely, Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺, were tested to improve liquefaction of calcium lignosulfonate, and their effects on product distribution were specifically investigated. Results showed that metal ion catalysts favored the production of hydrogen as well as of phenolic compounds. The total contents of phenolic compounds catalyzed by metal ions were generally higher than 75 %. The catalysis abilities of Na⁺ and K⁺ were better than that of Ca²⁺. The neutral‐alkaline condition was much more beneficial to calcium lignosulfonate liquefaction. Compared to the hydrochars with Na⁺ and K⁺ catalysts, the hydrochars with Ca²⁺ catalyst had higher carbon content and a higher heating value.     

Equation‐oriented simulation and optimization of process flowsheets incorporating detailed spiral‐wound multistream heat exchanger models

Multiple chemical processes rely on multistream heat exchangers (MHEXs) for heat integration, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Owing to their geometric complexity, the detailed design of MHEXs is typically iterative: the exchanger geometric parameters are selected to match process specifications resulting from a flowsheet optimization step; then, the flowsheet is reoptimized with the predictions of the MHEX model, and these steps are repeated until a convergence criterion is met. This paper presents a novel framework that allows—for the first time, to our knowledge—for the simultaneous optimization of the process flowsheet and the detailed MHEX design. Focusing on spiral‐wound MHEXs, we develop an equation‐oriented exchanger model using industry‐accepted heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for single‐phase and multiphase streams. We embed this model in our previously developed pseudo‐transient equation‐oriented process simulation and optimization framework. We demonstrate our approach on an industrial case study, the PRICO^® natural gas liquefaction process. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3778–3789, 2017     

煤直接液化生成气气相色谱分析条件研究

为更好地开发利用煤直接液化生成气,必须准确测定煤直接液化生成气各组分含量,分析了气相色谱法测定煤直接液化生成气组成的主要影响因素,如色谱柱程序升温方式、取样袋的选择和分流比的确定,确定最优的试验条件,建立了煤炭直接液化生成气组分分析的标准方法。结果表明,采用气相色谱法测定煤直接液化生成气的组分含量的最佳分析条件为:采用以15℃/min的升温速度从60℃升温至150℃,始温保持10 min,终温保持4 min的升温程序;复合膜取样袋取样;与FID相联的用于烃类分析,与TCD相连的用于无机气体分析,其载气均为氦气,流速为38 m L/min;有机烃气路分流比为50∶1,无机气体气路不分流。将标准气体进行8次平行分析表明,气相色谱法的相对误差不大于3.5%,样品回收率均在97%~102.03%,准确度和精密度良好,说明气相色谱条件适于分析煤直接液化生成气含量。     

磷化物催化剂体系下二苯并噻吩加氢反应网络研究

为考察二苯并噻吩在磷化物体系下催化加氢的反应网络,以分子筛SBA-15为空白载体,利用等体积浸渍制取了一系列磷化物催化剂,Ni/P摩尔比为1.25,对不同Ni金属担载量的磷化物催化剂的性质进行了分析。采用含有1%二苯并噻吩的模型化合物为原料进行加氢脱硫试验,利用20 m L连续固定床加氢精制装置对制备的磷化物催化剂进行了活性评价。结果表明,相对于商业催化剂,低温和磷化物催化剂体系下二苯并噻吩具有更高的转化率,280℃转化率可达80%以上;碱性氮化物喹啉的存在抑制了二苯并噻吩加氢反应,转化率在320℃时由接近100%降至70%左右,此条件下,产物中联苯以及环己烷基苯的选择性随温度变化不大,二苯并噻吩大部分通过直接脱硫路径进行转化。评价结果显示,磷化物催化剂具有更高的氢解活性和更好的直接加氢脱硫效果。     

低温甲醇洗再生塔负荷高原因分析

分析低温甲醇洗再生塔负荷高的原因为液化温度低、原料气冷却器至甲醇水分离器存在串气现象,提出了相应的解决方案。