供水管网水质模型校核面临的问题及对策

为解决大规模供水管网系统水质模型校核的难题,分析经验校核与自动校核所面临的问题,提出遗传算法并行化、实测确定模型初始参数、模型参数的有效分组等相应的对策.从而减少模型校核的变量,提高遗传算法运行效率,有效缩短模型自动校核的寻优时间.     

高效液相色谱法测定南、北五味子中木脂素含量

建立了用高效液相色谱法测定南、北五味子中5种木脂素成分(五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素)的分析方法。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,对21个不同产地的南、北五味子样本进行了色谱分离,并利用标准物质、保留时间和紫外光谱对木脂素进行定性。结果表明,样品中各组分的色谱峰基本达到基线分离,该方法重复性好、灵敏度高,为评价南、北五味子中的木脂素活性成分提供了一种可靠的分析方法。     

利用弯管测量流体流量的实验研究

利用火力发电厂中循环水管道与凝汽器之间连接所形成的弯管,首先从弯管流量测量基本理论入手,分别用自由涡流理论和强制涡流理论,建立了循环水在弯管内流动过程中,弯管内外径的压力差与循环水流量之间关系的数学关系模型.其次,利用实验室实验确定循环水流量与弯管内外径之间压差的关系,实现了利用弯管对流体流量进行测量.     

Effect of Ca~(2+) on CO_2 corrosion properties of X65 pipeline steel

The effect of Ca~(2+) on CO_2 corrosion to X65 pipeline steel was investigated in the simulated stratum water of an oil field containing different concentrations of Ca~(2+). It is found that Ca~(2+) can enhance the corrosion rate,especially in the Ca~(2+) concentration from 256 to 512 mg/L,which can be attributed to the growing grain size and loosing structure of corrosion scales with increasing Ca~(2+) concentration. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) investigations reveal that a complex carbonate (Fe, Ca)CO_3 forms at high Ca~(2+) concentration due to the gradual replacement of Fe~(2+) in FeCO_3 by Ca~(2+).     

Effects of main factors on remedying northern landscaping water by hybrid ecological filter

Natural zeolite and coal cinder were layered as main packing medium of the ecological filter instead of traditional filling to remedy the static lake water in Northern China.The ecological filter was running in a combined upward and downward flow mode.Dynamic experiments were carried out to study the effects of retention time and ambient temperature on pollutants’ removal efficiency of the hybrid ecological filter.The function of plant was also studied by contrast test.It is showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TP are increased when the retention time is changed from 1 h to 2 h and 4 h,but the removal efficiency of TN is decreased,the removal efficiency of NH4+-N is increased from 91.5% to 98% and that of TP is increased from 31.8% to 52.5%.When the temperature declines,the temporal removal efficiency of NH4+-N is reduced,but the removal efficiency of 24 h and 48 h is remained.The removal efficiency of TP after 24 h and 48 h is decreased when the temperature declines evidently.The retention time plays an important role in NH4+-N and TP removal,and the ambient temperature is significant for TP removal.The plant favors for TP and organic matter removal but has little effect on TN removal.     

Movement characteristics of Karst water in a deep mining area

In order to study the movement characteristics of groundwater in a deep mining area and solve the dispute of the distri-bution rule of hydro-chemical zoning which is contradicted by lixiviation water zoning in a horizontal direction, we directed our attention to the source of deep groundwater, its seepage and hydro-chemical characteristics in a typical mining area. We used a neotectonic water-control theory, chemical and isotope methods, as well as a method for analyzing dynamic groundwater conditions. The results indicate that 1) Karst water in the deep and medium parts of this mining area is recharged by vertical leakage through neotectonic fractures rather than seepage along strata from subcrop parts or surrounding flows; 2) from surface to deep leakage paths, the variation in the types of chemical groundwater agrees with the normal lixiviation water distribution rule and the age of mixed groundwater increases; 3) the water-rich zones along neotectonic fractures correspond with water-diluted zones in a hori-zontal direction; 4) the leakage coefficient and water capacity of aquifers increases during the flow process of Kant water along the antidip direction (from west to east) and 5) Karst water in shallow mining areas forms a strong runoff belt along strikes and quickly dilutes the water from deep and medium mining areas. Overall, chemical and dynamic water characteristics actually agree with in terms of the entire consideration for differences in vertical leakage and abnormalities in the zone of water chemical distribution, along a horizontal runoff direction.     

Remaining oil distribution in Ng3^3 bottom water reservoir of Lin 2-6 fault-block in Huimin depression and potential tapping in horizontal well

Oil reservoirs with secondary bottom water in Ng33 members (in Guantao formation, Paleogene system) of Lin2-6 fault block in Huimin depression (Bohai Bay Basin) have entered the late stage of ultra-high water-containing-exploitation. Oil exploita-tion from vertical wells is becoming more and more inefficient. The reservoir type, with water displacing oil and the remaining oil distribution are specifically studied in order to improve the efficiency of the recovery ratio. An integrated scheme for adjusting horizontal wells has been designed and the key technique of the scheme optimized. The study shows that: 1) the positive rhythm of fluvial depositional features is the internal cause of the flooding of oil reservoirs while water injection, injection-production patterns and accumulative petroleum production are the external causes; 2) oil-water driving patterns have transferred from edge water ad-vancing to bottom-water-coning; distribution of the remaining oil mainly concentrates in the upper rhythm and top of the middle rhythm in Ng33 members; 3) a great deal of remaining oil is enriched in high positions of faults, in axes of tiny structures, in stagna-tion areas among water-injection wells and oil-wells and in tectonic saddle areas with sparse wells. Compared with vertical wells, horizontal wells have advantages such as high recovery, high off-take potential, high critical output, large controlling areas and long time of bottom-water breakthrough.     

刘庄煤矿11-2煤层顶、底板砂岩水特征与防治技术

初步探讨了刘庄煤矿11-2煤层顶、底板砂岩裂隙水的特征及其综合防治技术,为其它煤层及相邻矿井煤层顶、底板砂岩水的防治提供参考。     

基于图像的静脉输液无液检测的新方法

针对国内外为实现静脉输液无液自动检测而采用的各种传感器技术存在的各种问题,提出基于图像的静脉输液无液检测的新方法.通过CCD摄像机采集输液器液位图像,数字化后输入计算机,由计算机软件进行图像处理和分析,得到输液器是否无液的信息.该方法的研究,实现了将数字图像处理技术融合到静脉输液无液检测应用中,丰富了图像处理内容的同时为静脉输液无液检测提供了新思路.