引汉济渭工程运行调度模式研究

从引汉济渭工程运行调度的实际需求出发,设计了工程运行调度新模式并集成实现。基于Hadoop搭建工程运行调度大数据服务平台,基于数字地球构建了工程运行调度可视化仿真系统,基于云服务架构建立工程运行调度应用支撑平台,以主题、组件、知识图为牵引建立了工程运行调度应用支撑库,基于数字地球和应用支撑平台构建了工程调配水一体化数字水网,基于平台、数字水网、组件、知识图搭建了工程运行调度主题业务应用,实现了运行调度业务主题化云服务。该模式技术理念先进,应用灵活方便,适用性强,可为工程运行调度提供重要技术支撑,具有良好的应用前景。     

水利工程施工应急能力G1-灰色评价方法研究

为有效加强水利工程应急能力建设,采用G1-灰色综合评价法对水利工程应急能力进行了综合评价研究。在水利工程施工特点和应急管理研究基础上,建立应急能力评价指标体系。通过采用G1法分析各应急能力评价指标相互关系,确定了指标权重。引入灰色理论将样本信息处理成灰色评价矩阵,并结合指标权重进行单值化处理得到应急能力综合评价值和评价等级。研究结果表明,搜救抢险能力、应急资源调配能力和应急决策指挥能力对于水利工程应急能力建设起到最主要的作用。该评价方法不仅可揭示指标重要程度关系,还能有效量化和评价水利工程项目综合应急水平,具有较好的实用性。     

混凝浑液面沉速与混凝剂投加量的关系研究

探讨了黄河高浊度水混凝沉淀浑液面沉速与自然沉速之间的相关性,经过对实验数据进行线性回归提出了混凝过程中浑液面沉速与自然沉速、含沙量、PAM投加量之间的经验公式。运用该经验公式得出的浑液面沉速计算值与实测相对误差在0.43%～12.27%之间。     

Li_20对AlN陶瓷低温烧结的影响

利用XRD,SEM和TEM研究了Li2O-CaF2-Y2O3体系在/AlN陶瓷低温烧结中的作用机理,研究发现,添加Li2O的/AlN陶瓷有着更低的收缩开始温度和更大的收缩率,这种收缩来自于含Li玻璃相与CaYAlO4液相的共同作用。在烧结过程中,Li2O不仅改变了AlN烧结过程中的相组成,而且改善了液相的性质。由于Li2O和Al2O3在l 100℃以下反应生成含Li玻璃相,使得AlN开始收缩的温度大为降低。在1 600℃以上,含Li玻璃相分解散失,有利于AlN晶界的纯化,同时,CaYAl3O7向CaYAlO4的转变以及液相CaYAlO4在烧结过程中稳定存在,保证了含Li玻璃相散失后AlN的持续收缩。     

Characteristics of heavy-oil-in-water emulsions containing produced sand

Heavy-oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing produced sand were prepared using commercially available emulsifiers. The emulsions were tested in beakers for emulsion type, quality, and sand-retention characteristics. The apparent viscosities of the o/w emulsions were measured. The effects of polymer addition on the apparent viscosity and sand-carrying capability of the emulsions were also studied. The results of the breaker tests indicate that most emulsifier solutions water-wet the beaker wall and temporarily improve heavy-oil flow characteristics. However, most of the chemicals also water-wet the sand particles and cause sand dropout. The Flothin F2 chemical alone showed stable oil dispersion and, in combination with the Flocon 4800C polymer, showed very good sand-retention, viscosity-reduction, and stable oil-dispersion characteristics.     

Selective gas transport in miscible PPO-PS blends

The permeation rates of He, CO₂ and CH₄ though miscible blends of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide) at 35°C are reported as a function of pressure. Sorption isotherms for CO₂ and CH₄ are also presented. By using ratios of the permeabilities of the pure gases the separation factors for the gas pairs He---CH₄ and CO₂---CH₄ can be estimated. For both pairs the estimated separation factor goes through a prominent maximum, thus indicating that these blends are more permselective than expected from the behaviour of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide). This stems from mobility considerations rather than solubility effects and a qualitative free volume argument is proposed as an explanation. The sorption and transport data have been interpreted and correlated using the dual sorption-mobility models developed previously for glassy polymers. Since the commercial polystyrene used contained a small amount of mineral oil to improve flow behaviour, the effect of this additive on polystyrene properties was explored in some detail.     

新型技术用于乳状液膜法脱酚的进一步研究

本文对模拟的含酚废水,采用新型技术对乳状液膜法脱酚进行了进一步的探讨。对所采用的制乳设备———撞击流-旋转填料床对制乳率、提取设备———旋转填料床对脱酚率、破乳设备———无机微孔膜法破乳的重要参数(如透过压方式、膜孔径等对膜通量和破乳率的影响)进行了研究。并且讨论了破乳后的油相回用情况。实验结果表明:撞击流-旋转填料床的制乳效率可达99.90 %以上,脱酚率可达99%左右,且瞬间完成;膜孔径越小,破乳率越高,膜通量越小;外压内抽方式的破乳效果优于单外压方式的破乳效果。对于粒径为5～2 5 μm乳液,用膜孔径为2 .0 μm的SiC微孔膜,在外压为6 0kPa、内负压为30kPa的外压内抽破乳方式下破乳,破乳率可达96 .4 % ,膜通量可达90 0L·(m2 ·h) -1。     

开孔剂对多孔氧化铝支撑体的影响

研究了开孔剂对a-Al2O3多孔道氧化铝支撑体的影响,发现开孔剂的种类及质量分数对支撑体的性能有重要影响,选择合适的开孔剂种类及质量分数可使氧化铝支撑体的纯水通量提高2～3倍。     

The influence of food emulsifiers on fat and sugar dispersions in oils. III. Water content,purity of oils

The influence of water on the interactions between fat and sugar crystals dispersed in triglyceride (vegetable) oils was qualitatively estimated from sedimentation and rheological experiments. The experiments were performed both with and without food emulsifiers (monoglycerides and lecithins) present in the oil. The effects of minor natural oil components (nontriglycerides) on the interactions and on emulsifier adsorption to the crystals were examined by comparing a commercial refined oil and a chromatographically purified oil. The results show that water generally increases the adhesion between fat and sugar crystals in oils and also increases the surface activity of the oil-soluble food emulsifiers. Minor oil components give a small increase in the adhesion between fat and sugar crystals in oils, but do not influence the adsorption of food emulsifiers in any systematic way.     

石化企业循环水系统的节水运行与管理

围绕工业循环冷却水系统的工艺原理及水质特点，全面分析阐述了石化循环水系统开展节水运行管理的途径方法及其注意事项，天津石化公司乙烯厂在此方面取得了良好的效果。