基于飞轮的欠驱动航天器姿态控制器设计

在以飞轮作为姿态控制执行机构的航天器中,如果部分飞轮发生故障而使得航天器欠驱动时,姿态控制性能会急剧下降.本文对两个匕轮的刚性航天器,研究了姿态控制问题.在零动量的假设下,利用Backstepping方法,为欠驱动姿态控制系统设计了一个新型的姿态控制器.设计过程分两步进行:首先,根据姿态运动学模型,设计出可使航天器姿态全局渐近稳定的控制角速率;然后,根据姿态动力学模型,得到使航天器姿态全局渐近稳定的控制力矩.该控制器为非连续控制器,可使航天器姿态误差全局一致渐近收敛为零,并使系统具有良好的动态性能.计算机仿真表明,本文所设计出的控制器是可行的.     

带两控制器刚体飞行器的姿态镇定

已知带两控制器的刚体飞行器系统不能被连续的纯状态反馈局部渐近镇定.有效的解决方法包括时变反馈镇定方法和非连续反馈镇定方法.现有的时变反馈镇定方法设计均较为复杂.已有的光滑时变反馈方法是非指数收敛的.本文通过引入辅助变量以及采用反馈线性化技术设计出光滑时变的控制器.该方法设计简单且保证闭环系统状态是指数收敛的.仿真结果证明了本文方法的有效性.     

载人航天器自动化测试系统设计与应用

针对现有航天器测试不具备流程化、自动化程控的问题,提出了一种载人航天器自动化测试系统。该系统以测试项目模块化思想为依托,提供了测试子项目设计平台,自动生成测试程序、测试细则文档,自动执行测试程序并实现无人值守,在出现异常时根据程序设计自主跳转或等待人工决策,实时记录测试过程信息,测试结束后自动生成测试报表并评估当前测试是否有效通过。对系统方案、接口方式、部署及管理模式进行了分析,通过型号测试进行了试验验证,该系统实现了测试各阶段流程化、自动化程控,提高了测试效率。     

双模冗余器载计算机设计与实现

器载计算机是航天器电气系统的重要组成部分,其可靠性对航天器能否完成任务至关重要。为了保证航天器上计算机在出现故障时仍能正常工作,对双机冗余器载计算机的体系结构、切换策略、判别准则等内容进行了研究,在保留主份机与双机切换电路、备份机与双机切换电路之间的状态工作信号的基础上,通过在主份机、备份机之间新增加一个状态工作信号,提出了一种改进的自主切换策略。实践表明,运用改进的自主切换策略,在双机切换电路中的自主切换模块出现故障时仍能实现自主切换,同时将比较器设计为软件,采用软件表决、软件选通的思路,消除了硬件比较器的关键单点故障,这些容错设计改进能有效地提高器载计算机系统的可靠性,对高可靠器载计算机设计与实现具有较好的工程参考意义。     

Iterative Learning Disturbance Observer Based Attitude Stabilization of Flexible Spacecraft Subject to Complex Disturbances and Measurement Noises

To realize high-precision attitude stabilization of a flexible spacecraft in the presence of complex disturbances and measurement noises, an iterative learning disturbance observer (ILDO) is presented in this paper. Firstly, a dynamic model of disturbance is built by augmenting the integral of the lumped disturbance as a state. Based on it, ILDO is designed by introducing iterative learning structures. Then, comparative analyses of ILDO and traditional disturbance observers are carried out in frequency domain. It demonstrates that ILDO combines the advantages of high accuracy in disturbance estimation and favorable robustness to measurement noise. After that, an ILDO based composite controller is designed to stabilize the spacecraft attitude. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulations.      

Coupled Dynamics and Integrated Control for Position and Attitude Motions of Spacecraft: A Survey

Inspired by the integrated guidance and control design for endo-atmospheric aircraft, the integrated position and attitude control of spacecraft has attracted increasing attention and gradually induced a wide variety of study results in last over two decades, fully incorporating control requirements and actuator characteristics of space missions. This paper presents a novel and comprehensive survey to the coupled position and attitude motions of spacecraft from the perspective of dynamics and control. To this end, a systematic analysis is firstly conducted in details to show the position and attitude mutual couplings of spacecraft. Particularly, in terms of the time discrepancy between spacecraft position and attitude motions, space missions can be categorized into two types: space proximity operation and space orbital maneuver. Based on this classification, the studies on the coupled dynamic modeling and the integrated control design for position and attitude motions of spacecraft are sequentially summarized and analyzed. On the one hand, various coupled position and dynamic formulations of spacecraft based on various mathematical tools are reviewed and compared from five aspects, including mission applicability, modeling simplicity, physical clearance, information matching and expansibility. On the other hand, the development of the integrated position and attitude control of spacecraft is analyzed for two space missions, and especially, five distinctive development trends are captured for space operation missions. Finally, insightful prospects on future development of the integrated position and attitude control technology of spacecraft are proposed, pointing out current primary technical issues and possible feasible solutions.

     

Sliding-Mode-Based Attitude Tracking Control of Spacecraft Under Reaction Wheel Uncertainties

The attitude tracking operations of an on-orbit spacecraft with degraded performance exhibited by potential actuator uncertainties (including failures and misalignments) can be extraordinarily challenging. Thus, the control law development for the attitude tracking task of spacecraft subject to actuator (namely reaction wheel) uncertainties is addressed in this paper. More specially, the attitude dynamics model of the spacecraft is firstly established under actuator failures and misalignment (without a small angle approximation operation). Then, a new non-singular sliding manifold with fixed time convergence and anti-unwinding properties is proposed, and an adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is introduced to handle actuator uncertainties, model uncertainties and external disturbances simultaneously. Among this, an explicit misalignment angles range that could be treated herein is offered. Lyapunov-based stability analyses are employed to verify that the reaching phase of the sliding manifold is completed in finite time, and the attitude tracking errors are ensured to converge to a small region of the closest equilibrium point in fixed time once the sliding manifold enters the reaching phase. Finally, the beneficial features of the designed controller are manifested via detailed numerical simulation tests.      

Full-state prescribed performance pose tracking of space proximity operations with input saturation

This paper investigates the relative position tracking and attitude synchronization control for spacecraft close-range proximity missions with input saturation and model uncertainties. A robust saturated relative motion controller is proposed for this purpose. Prescribed performance functions are designed to guarantee the transient and steady-state response of the system and the full-state constraints. Then, a nonlinear disturbance observer is developed to estimate the lumped disturbance that comprises the effects of parametric uncertainties and kinematic couplings. At the same time, a linear compensator system is incorporated into the controller design to deal with the control input saturation. Finally, it can be proved via the Lyapunov theory that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded stable. Simulation results on the spacecraft close-range rendezvous and docking mission validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.     

基于ORB-SLAM的低照度空间非合作目标的姿态估计

相机视觉观测在空间技术中有着广阔的工程应用前景,然而太空的弱光照条件会影响相机所采集图像的质量.本文将低照度增强LIME算法与ORB-SLAM算法相结合,提出了一种弱光照条件下空间非合作目标的姿态估计方案.该方案首先运用LIME算法对图像进行增强处理,以能够从中提取出目标上足够的特征点,然后利用ORB-SLAM算法对目标的姿态进行有效估计.仿真结果表明,本文所提方案可以有效地实现弱光照情况下空间非合作目标的姿态估计.     

带弹性附件的航天器的动力学与变结构控制

为了研究一类挠性航天器的动力学特性、姿态的稳定控制以及弹性附件振动的有效抑制问题，首先用拟坐标下的拉格朗日方法建立了中心刚体上铰接有给定数目弹性附件的航天器的准确动力学方程，然后在基于非线性和低阶模态的动力学模型基础上用变结构控制方法设计了系统的反馈控制律，使星体姿态和弹性附件的振动同时得到了有效控制。研究结果表明，这样一类系统的动力学方程为系数时变的非线性微分方程，弹性附件的低阶模态对主体的姿态运动起主要影响作用。基于非线性和低阶模态模型基础上的变结构控制律对这样一类系统具有良好的性能。