Mullite–β-Spodumene Composites from Aluminosilicates

Sintering studies were conducted using kaolin, metakaolin, zeolite 4A, and various synthetic mixtures of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ in the presence of Li₂CO₃ and LiCl as fluxing agents. Various compositions of the above were prepared, and conventional sintering studies were conducted at temperatures of 900°–1450°C with soaking periods of 1–3 h. Kaolin, metakaolin, and amorphized kaolin in the presence of Li₂CO₃ showed nucleation centers of β-spodumene as pink specks, whereas synthetic mixtures of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ failed to behave in the same manner. To determine whether the pink specks formed were color centers or F centers, the samples were subjected to UV, IR, and X-ray irradiation; however, the samples showed no tenebrescence properties. External addition of iron as an impurity in a nonlayered system also resulted in pink speck formation. This observation indicated that impurities present in the natural kaolin were the cause of this phenomenon. Moreover, the LiCl-based samples did not result in pink specks, even though the kaolinitic samples contained iron as an impurity. Therefore, although β-spodumene was formed in aluminosilicates in the presence of Li₂CO₃ and LiCl, the pink variety of β-spodumene (kunzite) formation occurred only in the presence of lithium-rich aluminosilicates and in the presence of iron as an impurity. The phase identification and microstructure were explained based on XRD, DTA, and SEM studies.     

Influence of nitrogen uptake and heat treatment on the microstructural characteristics and corrosion performance of X190CrVMo20-4-1 steel produced by supersolidus liquid-phase sintering

Martensitic stainless steel powder exhibits a high nitrogen uptake when densified by supersolidus liquid-phase sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere, but the optimum uptake, which is beneficial to its resistance to corrosion, is unknown. In this study, the resistance of high-carbon martensitic stainless steel X190CrVMo20-4-1 densified in a nitrogen atmosphere against pitting corrosion was explored. This was to clarify the impact of nitrogen uptake in the steel matrix in the quenched and tempered condition on its corrosion resistance in an aqueous solution. Samples were subjected to potentiodynamic polarisation tests in a de-aerated, 1 wt% NaCl solution. Results revealed that the X190 steel densified in a nitrogen atmosphere at 40-kPa pressure, subjected to deep cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen at an austenitising temperature of 1150°C and tempered at 200°C, had the best pitting corrosion resistance with a breakdown potential of 142 ± 11 mV/SCE and a hardness of 738 ± 4 HV10. The matrix around the M₇C₃ carbides and MX carbonitrides suffered high pitting susceptibility. The implications of this study serve as a basis for the improvement of the functional properties of steels.     

充液量对回路热管性能的影响

实验研究了以Cu粉烧结块为吸液芯、Al制太阳花散热器为冷凝器的回路热管(LHP)在不同充液率条件下充入工质为无水乙醇后的启动、温度波动以及热阻等传热性能。Cu粉烧结块吸液芯相对丝网吸收层可以产生更大的毛细力,Al制太阳花散热器可以使整个LHP更轻便,利于不同安装场合的应用。研究结果表明:1)LHP的启动受热负荷大小和充液率共同作用;2)温度波动随功率的增加而变得平缓,而随着充液率的增加,温度波动频率却有所上升;3)充液率影响LHP的热阻变化,最佳充液率为60%。     

Effect of P2O5 on the Nonisothermal Sinter‐Crystallization Process of a Lithium Aluminum Silicate Glass

Dense (~98.5%), lithium aluminum silicate glass‐ceramics were obtained via the sinter‐crystallization of glass particle compacts at relatively low temperatures, that is, 790–875°C. The effect of P₂O₅ on the glass‐ceramics' sinter‐crystallization behavior was evaluated. We found that P₂O₅ does not modify the surface crystallization mechanism but instead delays the crystallization kinetics, which facilitates viscous flow sintering. Our glass‐ceramics had virgilite (Li_xAl_xSi_3‐xO₆; 0.5 < x < 1), a crystal size <1 μm, and a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 2.1 × 10^?6°C^?1 in the temperature range 40–500°C. The overall heat treatment to obtain these GCs was quite short, at ~25 min.     

液相等离子喷涂制备Au-WO3复合涂层及其气敏机理

目的提高WO_3基涂层的气敏性能。方法以WCl_6为前驱体原料,加入一定量的纳米Au颗粒制成稳定的喷涂浆料,采用液相等离子体喷涂技术制备出Au掺杂的WO_3基复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及其附带的能谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对Au-WO_3复合涂层的微观结构进行表征。通过自主搭建的气敏性能测试系统对所制备Au-WO_3复合涂层的气敏性能进行测试,并探讨了涂层的气敏机理。结果前驱体液滴在等离子体热源作用下发生溶剂蒸发、WO_3形核、结晶和长大等一系列反应,随后形成的WO_3固体粒子发生熔化或半熔化,并加速撞击到基体表面形成涂层。在同等条件下,喷涂距离对WO_3气敏涂层的结晶度和形貌有很大影响,适宜的喷涂距离(170 mm)下获得的涂层结晶完整且晶粒细小(20～50 nm),有利于涂层气敏性能的发挥。Au-WO_3复合涂层的气敏性能均显著优于纯WO_3涂层。结论复合涂层气敏性能的改善归因于涂层中Au和WO_3界面处所形成的肖特基结使复合涂层的导电性降低,接触势垒高度增加,初始电阻值变大。     

LSI低成本制备Cf/SiC复合材料工艺研究

采用一次性液相硅浸渍法(LSI)制备低成本的Cf/C-SiC复合材料。以PAN基平板碳毡为增强体,在酚醛树脂溶液中添加碳化硅微粉,探讨添加碳化硅浓度、浸渍压力及保压时间等因素对一次液相浸渍效果的影响。通过显微分析,当压力为1.2 MPa,浸渍时间为60 min时,可以获得最大的致密度,最终复合材料密度达2.64 g/cm3。     

Novel Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA-16 catalysts for liquid-phase phenol oxidation

Novel catalysts of Pt/La_1−xBi_xOF/SBA-16 (SBA-16: Santa Barbara Amorphous No. 16) were synthesized, and their catalytic activities for phenol decomposition in the liquid phase were investigated. Lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF) was selected as the promoter due to its contribution to the smooth migration of oxygen species in the lattice and the acceleration of phenol adsorption on the catalyst surface. Reducible Bi³⁺ ions were introduced in the LaOF lattice to provide oxygen supply ability to LaOF. Among the prepared catalysts, the highest activity was obtained for the 7 wt% Pt/16 wt% La_0.99Bi_0.01OF/SBA-16 catalyst, which could remove 97% of phenol after 5 h of reaction at 80°C in an open-air atmosphere.     

锰粉矿烧结配矿工艺及其对产物性能的影响

锰矿是冶炼锰系合金的重要工业原料,目前中国大部分锰铁粉矿均经烧结后入炉冶炼,并且采用的是单烧。为了研究不同锰粉矿掺烧工艺对锰烧结矿性能的影响,并因此得到熔炼性能较优的烧结矿,采用马弗炉烧结法,改变原料配比、碱度、w(Mn)/w(Fe) 等因素,对3种锰粉矿配矿烧结工艺进行初步研究。采用X射线衍射、光学显微镜以及强度、气孔率等分析测试手段,对焙烧产物的常温物理性能、矿物组成和微观结构等进行分析。结果表明,当前试验条件下,碱度为0.70时的配矿方案一和方案四得到的焙烧产物抗压强度大、微观结构清晰、各物相分布较为均匀、气孔率高,适宜矿热炉冶炼,因此拟将该方案作为较优的工艺条件进行烧结杯放大试验。     

焦炭与烧结矿在耦合反应过程中的溶损特性

为了研究高炉冶炼中焦炭的溶损行为,选用2种不同反应性的焦炭考察焦炭与烧结矿在不同温度下的耦合反应,研究不同温度下焦炭溶损与烧结矿还原的关系。研究结果表明,焦炭溶损和烧结矿还原的耦合反应随着反应温度的升高逐渐加剧,且焦炭反应性提高有利于烧结矿的还原。焦炭溶损率与烧结矿还原度呈正线性相关性,焦炭反应性(CRI)与拟合曲线的斜率k呈反比,而与截距b呈正比,截距可以表征焦炭对烧结矿的初始还原能力。耦合反应后焦炭的光学各向异性指数OTI增大、平均孔径和气孔率大幅增大,反应性较大的焦炭易于在焦炭表面溶损,反应后的孔径较大;而反应性较小的焦炭在反应过程中CO₂气体易于扩散至焦炭内部均匀溶蚀各级气孔。