Interlingua-based English–Korean Two-way Speech Translation of Doctor–Patient Dialogues with CCLINC

Development of a robust two-way real-time speech translationsystem exposes researchers and system developers to various challenges of machine translation(MT) and spoken language dialogues. The need for communicating in at least two differentlanguages poses problems not present for a monolingual spoken language dialogue system,where no MT engine is embedded within the process flow. Integration of various componentmodules for real-time operation poses challenges not present for text translation. In this paper,we present the CCLINC (Common Coalition Language System at Lincoln Laboratory) English–Koreantwo-way speech translation system prototype trained on doctor–patient dialogues,which integrates various techniques to tackle the challenges of automatic real-time speechtranslation. Key features of the system include (i) language–independent meaning representation which preserves the hierarchicalpredicate–argument structure of an input utterance, providing a powerful mechanism for discourse understanding of utterances originating from different languages,word-sense disambiguation and generation of various word orders of many languages, (ii) adoptionof the DARPA Communicator architecture, a plug-and-play distributed system architecturewhich facilitates integration of component modules and system operation in real time, and (iii)automatic acquisition of grammar rules and lexicons for easy porting of the system to differentlanguages and domains. We describe these features in detail and present experimental results.     

图形设计中的“显著点”

从提高图形信息传达有效性的目的出发,以图形设计中的显著点为基点,分析了显著点3个层次的特征:结合实例论述了以信息传达为基础的视觉形式应具有鲜明的个性;为了满足信息传达内容的需要应有准确含义的表达;以信息接受为纽带的情感因素必须能够引起强烈的共鸣。在此基础上,提出了通过中断原理和设计概念形象来创造显著点的2种途径和方式。     

亭在中国古典园林中的审美意义及构景分析

从亭在中国古典园林中的审美意义和构景作用两方面进行了探讨；认为亭的审美意义就在其“虚”，它体现了中国古代文人“虚空纳万境”的宇宙观和人生观，在亭的构景作用方面，探讨了亭在大、中、小型园林及在园林竖向布局中不同的构景作用，以及亭与其它建筑形式相结合产生的新的构景方式及其作用。     

关于中国特色水利现代化道路的思考

2011年中央1号文件提出“要努力走出一条中国特色水利现代化道路”,为新时期水利改革和发展指明了方向。根据对现代化内涵的理解,分析水利现代化的内涵和特征,并结合我国的国情和水情,提出推进我国水利现代化进程的对策和建议。     

基于概念关系对齐的中文抽象语义表示解析评测方法

抽象语义表示(Abstract Meaning Representation,AMR)是一种句子语义表示方法,能够将句子的语义表示为一个单根有向无环图.随着中文AMR语料库规模的扩大,解析系统的研究也相继展开,将句子自动解析为中文AMR.然而,现有的AMR解析评测方法并不能处理中文AMR的重要组成部分——概念对齐和关系...     

平面设计中的意境营造

探究和分析平面设计中意境的营造方式,认识意境营造对于平面作品内涵和艺术形象的重要意义。基于意境的内涵分析其在平面设计中的界定及作用,结合实例探讨其在标志设计、招贴设计、书籍装帧设计中的具体应用,总结出标志设计中"艺术夸张、融汇传统、空间构成"的意境营造方式;招贴设计中"整体环境的协调、象征寓意的创新、空白空间的营造"的意境营造方式和书籍设计中"封面和封底的寓意、插图和内页的互补、材料和风格的统一"的意境营造方式。因此,在平面设计中进行合理的意境营造,能够为设计作品增添文化寓意,凸显精神内涵,提升整体的艺术表达效果。     

浅谈中国民间玩具的象征寓意对产品造型设计的启发

中国是一个历史悠久的国家。中国吉祥文化古老而神秘,并广泛渗透到各个领域。其中中国民间玩具,作为中国传统的造型艺术,是一种十分纯粹而优秀的本土化的造型语言。理解中国民间玩具的人文形态,用多元化和多样化的视觉来看待产品造型设计,对我们拓展设计思路,丰富产品造型语言是十分有益的。     

Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events.

Interest in meaning and meaning making in the context of stressful life events continues to grow, but research is hampered by conceptual and methodological limitations. Drawing on current theories, the author first presents an integrated model of meaning making. This model distinguishes between the constructs of global and situational meaning and between “meaning-making efforts” and “meaning made,” and it elaborates subconstructs within these constructs. Using this model, the author reviews the empirical research regarding meaning in the context of adjustment to stressful events, outlining what has been established to date and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of current empirical work. Results suggest that theory on meaning and meaning making has developed apace, but empirical research has failed to keep up with these developments, creating a significant gap between the rich but abstract theories and empirical tests of them. Given current empirical findings, some aspects of the meaning-making model appear to be well supported but others are not, and the quality of meaning-making efforts and meanings made may be at least as important as their quantity. This article concludes with specific suggestions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A framework for computing extrasentential references

We are concerned with developing a computational method for selecting possible antecedents of referring expressions over sentence boundaries. Our stratified model which uses a Λ-categorial language for meaning representation incorporates valuable features of Fregean-type semantics (a la Lewis, Montague, Partee, and others) along with features of situation semantics developed by Barwise and Perry. We consider a series of selected two-sentence stories which we use to illustrate referential interdependencies between sentences. We explain the conditions under which such dependencies arise, explain the conditions under which various translations can be performed, and formalize a set of rules which specify how to compute the reference. We restrict our discussion to two-sentence stories to avoid most of the problems inherent in where to look for the reference, that is, how to determine the proper antecedent. We restrict our considerations in this paper to situations where a reference, if it can be computed at all, has a unique antecedent. Thus we consider examples such as John wants to catch a fish. He (John) wants to eat it. and John interviewed a man. The man killed him (John). We then summarize the transformation which encompasses these rules and relate it to the stratified model. We discuss three aspects of this transformation that merit special attention from the computational viewpoint and summarize the contributions we have made. We also discuss the computational characteristics of the stratified model in general and present our ideas for a computer realization; there is no implementation of the _t"ratified model at this time.     

科技翻译与专业知识浅议

科技翻译的对象是各类科技文献，而科技文献所描述的又是各门自然科学和技术科学的具体内容，因此要求译者必须熟悉或粗通所译原作中涉及到的各类专门学科的知识，使科技译文在忠实于原文的前提下既符合专业的表达习惯，又符合汉语规范的表达方式。