Hot zones formation during regeneration of diesel particulate filters

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is used to remove particulate matter (PM) from the diesel engine exhaust. The accumulated PM is periodically removed by combustion, which sometimes leads to excessive temperature excursions that melt the ceramic filter. This behavior cannot be explained by operation under stationary feed conditions. We propose that these temperature excursions are a dynamic effect following a rapid change in the driving mode while the DPF is being regenerated. Specifically, a rapid decrease in the exhaust temperature can lead to a counterintuitive large transient temperature rise above that which would exist under a higher stationary feed temperature. This unexpected behavior is similar to the well‐known wrong‐way behavior in packed‐bed reactors, even though the axial‐dependent flow through the filter in a DPF is rather different from the constant axial flow through a packed bed. We present simulations that provide insight about the dependence of the amplitude of this wrong‐way temperature rise on the filtration velocity, the PM loading, dimensions of the DPF, and the amplitude of the rapid temperature decrease and when it occurs after the start of the regeneration. The insight provided by these simulations will help develop operation and control protocols that circumvent or at least decrease the probability of the occurrence of the destructive melting of the DPF. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

Swelling,compression and tribological behaviors of bentonite‐modified polyacrylate‐type hydrogels

Hydrogel was synthesized from acrylamide and 2‐acryloylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid monomers (ratio: 50/50 wt %) and crosslinked with 0.25 wt % of methylene‐bisacrylamide. This hydrogel was also modified by adding 4 wt % of sodium bentonite (NB). Selected properties of the hydrogels with and without NB were investigated and compared. Their water uptake was measured gravimetrically; the compression and compression creep were assessed by dynamic‐mechanical and thermo‐mechanical analysis (DMA and TMA, respectively) techniques. The friction and wear of the hydrogels were determined in a shaft(metal)‐on‐plate(hydrogel) type testing configuration under water lubrication. The hydrogel was transparent and exhibited very high equilibrium water content (>99 wt %). The latter was less affected; however, the hydrogel became slightly more hazy after NB incorporation. The crosslink density of the hydrogels was deduced from swelling and compression tests and compared with the theoretical values. Modification by NB enhanced the ultimate compression strength and reduced the related compression strain. The compression creep response under both loading and deloading strongly depended on the level of the initial load. A very low friction coefficient (～ 0.003) and a relatively high specific wear rate (～ 0.05 mm³/N m) were registered under water lubricated sliding wear using a metallic counterpart with high surface roughness. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy delivered additional information on the NB dispersion and surface structure of the hydrogels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Preparation,crystallization behavior,and dynamic mechanical property of nanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and exfoliated graphite nanoplate

Nanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and exfoliated graphite nanoplate (xGnP) were prepared by solution precipitation method. The resulting nanocomposites were investigated with respect to their structure and properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Both SEM and TEM examinations confirmed the good dispersion of xGnP in the PVDF matrix. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior of the PVDF/xGnP nanocomposites was studied using DSC technique at various cooling rates. The results indicated that the xGnPs in nanometer size might act as nucleating agents and accelerated the overall nonisothermal crystallization process. Meanwhile, the incorporation of xGnP significantly improved the storage modulus of the PVDF/xGnP nanocomposites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

双线性融合网络的驾驶员分心行为识别

准确识别驾驶员的分心行为能够从源头上减少交通事故的发生。传统的识别方法类别少,准确率不高,对此,引入并改进残差神经网络(ResNet-50)对驾驶员分心行为进行识别。为了进一步提高模型特征的提取能力,从改进后的ResNet-50和EfficientNet-B0模型中提取特征,并将其双线性融合,从而进一步提高模型的识别准确率。通过对正常驾驶、玩手机、打电话、喝水、向后座拿东西、与副驾交谈6种驾驶员的行为进行测试,改进后ResNet-50模型的平均识别准确率达94.2%。将改进后的ResNet-50与EfficientNet-B0模型进行融合,融合模型的平均识别准确率高达96.7%。实验结果表明,该方法对驾驶员分心行为的检测有较好的分类效果。     

钢腹杆PC组合梁桥抗弯性能

为研究钢腹杆PC组合梁桥的抗弯性能,开展了钢腹杆PC组合梁模型试验,研究了钢腹杆PC组合梁混凝土顶底板应变与主梁变形等随荷载的变化规律,揭示了组合梁弯曲应变沿截面高度的分布规律,得到了组合梁的破坏模式;进行了钢腹杆PC组合梁有限元参数分析,探讨了主梁高跨比和偏载效应对钢腹杆组合梁抗弯性能的影响;提出了钢腹杆PC组合梁截面开裂弯矩、钢筋屈服弯矩和极限弯矩计算方法。研究结果表明：钢腹杆PC组合梁桥的破坏过程包括弹性阶段、开裂弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和失效阶段。在弹性阶段和开裂弹性阶段,钢腹杆PC组合梁截面顶底板变形满足“平截面假定”。钢腹杆PC组合梁跨中截面的变形与应力随高跨比的增大而减小。对于自重较小的钢腹杆组合梁桥,偏载对组合梁变形与应力的影响较大,且变形与应力增大系数随高跨比的增大而增大。与有限元和试验结果相比,本文提出的钢腹杆PC组合梁开裂弯矩、钢筋屈服弯矩和极限弯矩的计算方法具有较高的精度。     

搭便车行为下考虑不同回收模式的闭环供应链决策研究

为了研究不同回收模式对搭便车行为下的闭环供应链决策的影响,针对由制造商、零售商和消费者组成的闭环供应链系统,基于Stackelberg博弈,构建了制造商回收模型和零售商回收模型,探讨了不同回收模型对闭环供应链决策的影响.研究发现:搭便车对零售商产生消极影响,对制造商产生积极影响;回收模式的选择对产品定价和需求量没有影响...     

GFRP对不同断面形状混凝土柱约束性能试验研究

在文献研究和工程调查的基础上，本文选用方形、圆形、八边形、直边加圆弧形和空心的配筋混凝土模型柱为研究对象，通过轴心受压试验所得到的荷载-轴向变形、荷载-纤维应变、荷载-箍筋应变关系曲线以及相应对比分析，研究了GFRP对不同断面形状混凝土柱的约束性能。研究表明，断面形状对混凝土柱约束性能起着决定性作用。在其它条件相同的情况下，约束性能按照圆形、八边形、直边加圆弧形、方形、空心断面形状的顺序递减。     

CPE/P(AA-AM-HMA)吸水膨胀弹性体的研究

采用机械共混将氯化聚乙烯(CPE)与自制的吸水树脂丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚物[P(AA-AM-HMA)]共混，并且以合成的两亲聚合物为共混试样的增容剂实施增容，讨论了吸水树脂以及增容荆对共混试样的力学性能和溶胀性能的影响。结果表明简单共混时随吸水树脂量增大。共混试样的拉伸强度降低，其吸水率增大。CPE-g-PEG的加入改善了试样的力学性能，与氯化聚乙烯／丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物共混体系相比，CPE／丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺．羟甲基丙烯酸共聚物试样吸水慢．平衡吸水率较大，质量损失率较小，而且受盐的影响较小。     

几种云南木材液体浸渍行为的研究

研究了几种云南木材在水和有机液体中的浸渍行为 ,探讨了浸渍液体的溶解度参数、木材种类和密度、助浸剂、浸渍时间和压力以及电子束辐射 (EBI)等因素对木材的液体浸渍行为的影响     

氧化铝陶瓷料浆流变性的研究

主要研究了氧化铝料浆的流变性能,确定了分散剂的加入量与料浆浓度的关系,测得氧化铝浓料浆为剪厚型流体,通过对浓悬浮体流变性的研究得到其稳定分散的最佳pH范围是11～12.