新疆大石峡水利枢纽混凝土碱-硅酸反应抑制研究

新疆大石峡水利枢纽混凝土选用的骨料存在碱活性,可能导致工程产生碱骨料破坏问题,本文研究了当地粉煤灰和矿粉对碱-硅酸反应(ASR)的影响,并采用XRD和SEM-EDS测试分析了水化产物和界面过渡区的形态。结果表明：粉煤灰掺量≥20%(质量分数)或矿粉掺量≥40%(质量分数)都能显著抑制碱-硅酸反应;在纯水泥样品界面过渡区可以观察到无定形相,在含有粉煤灰或矿粉的样品中未观察到无定形相,这意味着碱-硅酸反应发生在纯水泥样品中;添加粉煤灰或矿粉降低了界面过渡区物相的Ca/Si摩尔比,抑制了碱-硅酸反应。     

平砧压薄坯件死区边界滑移线函数的积分

本文通过在死区边界滑移线中引入参变量t,建立滑移线转角O和座标x的可积函数,通过积分求得死区接触表面总压力及平均单位压力分布的精确值。因此,这种换元积分法在理论上可以替代常用的数值积分计算法。     

螺旋榨油机喂料段的理论与实践

基于单螺杆挤压机固体输送段的非塞流理论,将榨油机的喂料段螺槽中的油料简化为上、中、下3层,通过应力-速度方程,推导出产量与压力降的三次方程.详细讨论了摩擦因数和喂料螺旋的几何参数对最大产量和系统压力的影响.结果表明,适当增加喂料螺旋的覆盖长度和榨笼内壁的摩擦因数是提高喂料段末端压力和输送能力的有效途径.实践证明,在榨油机的喂料段附加一个带阻转槽的衬套是实现高油分、低粗纤维含量的软油料在榨油机中顺畅喂料的行之有效的方法.并给出了带阻转槽的衬套的结构和设计方法.     

猪皮明胶酶解物对小鼠体重及游泳时间的影响

探讨猪皮明胶及其酶解产物对小鼠体重以及负重游泳时间的影响。分别选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶酶解猪皮明胶,选用猪皮明胶、Ⅰ号蛋白酶酶解物、Ⅱ号蛋白酶酶解物,经口灌胃给予小鼠。结果表明:与对照组相比,猪皮明胶组小鼠体重显著降低(P0.01),猪皮明胶能够显著控制小鼠生长期体重增长;Ⅰ号蛋白酶酶解物组小鼠负重游泳时间长达(3 668.5±348.12)s,两种猪皮明胶酶解物均能显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间(P0.01)。     

防止电网大面积停电的电源自投系统母差保护新闭锁逻辑技术研究

通过对现场备自投装置的放电及动作逻辑过程的分析,以及备自投装置对母线故障区域特点进行识别进行研究,发现目前的备自投逻辑导致未发生故障的母线也失压,损失大量的负荷,导致电网大面积停电,为此特提出一种防止电网大面积停电的备用电源自投系统新闭锁逻辑技术,能识别母线相继故障;能识别母联死区故障;解决未故障段母线恢复供电问题;能够实现故障段母线的隔离。在恢复无故障设备的供电,对用户供电的连续性和可靠性提供保证．防止电网大面积停电。     

反射环对区熔炉温度场的影响

针对悬浮区熔法生长较大直径的单晶硅时,单晶硅外部的轴向温度梯度比内部温度梯度大很多,从而导致硅单晶径向电阻率不均匀及生长裂纹的问题。通过有限元法对生长区熔硅单晶的温度场进行了数值模拟,建立了有反射环和无反射环的两种模型,得到了两种模型下的单晶温度分布图,并对比分析了两种模型下的单晶外表面温度分布及纵向温度梯度分布。研究结果表明,反射环可改善温度场分布,降低单晶硅外表面轴向温度梯度,使晶体径向温度趋于一致,提高硅单晶径向电阻率均匀性,并有效解决了生长过程中单晶硅易出现裂纹的问题。     

Prediction of flashback limits for laminar premixed hydrogen-air flames using flamelet generated manifolds

Development of models that can help predict flashback limits of premixed flames at an affordable computational cost is essential for the safe and efficient design of combustion chambers. For flames with strong preferential diffusion effects, usually the focus has been on the development of at least a three dimensional flamelet database that can predict the enthalpy and mixture fraction mapped on to the reaction progress variable. However, in this study, we show that a 3D FGM table is sufficient to predict flashback limits for lean laminar methane-air flames but is not sufficient to predict the same for lean hydrogen flames and an over-prediction of 100% could occur in the calculation of the flashback limits. We trace the root cause of this over-prediction to be related to the thickness of the reaction zone in the progress variable for hydrogen flames. This results in the development of a novel correction factor for the progress variable source term using 1D flame simulations where the flame experiences strong enthalpy gradients. In the end, we successfully show for the first time that the flashback limits for hydrogen flames can be predicted accurately using flamelet generated manifolds with a source term corrector function.     

High-strength aluminum alloys hollow billet prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting

The two-phase zone continuous casting (TZCC) technique was used to continuously cast high-strength aluminum alloy hollow billets, and a verified 3D model of TZCC was used to simulate the flow and temperature fields at casting speeds of 2–6 mm·min⁻¹. Hollow billets under the same conditions were prepared, and their macro/microstructures were analyzed by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. During the TZCC process, a circular fluid flow appears in front of the mushy zone, and the induction heated stepped mold and convective heat transfer result in a curved solidification front with depressed region near the inner wall and a vertical temperature gradient. The deflection of the solidification front decreases and the average cooling rate in the mushy zone increases with increasing casting speed. Experimental results for a 2D12 alloy show that hot tearing periodically appears in the hollow billet accompanied by macrosegregation near the inner wall at casting speeds of 2 and 4 mm·min⁻¹, while macroscopic defects of hot tearing and macrosegregation weaken and the average size of columnar crystals in the hollow billets decreases with further increasing casting speed. 2D12 aluminum alloy hollow billets with no macroscopic defects, the finest columnar crystals, and excellent mechanical properties were prepared by TZCC at a casting speed of 6 mm·min⁻¹, which is beneficial for the further plastic forming process.

     

斜沟煤矿迎采掘巷水力压裂切顶卸压技术研究

本文针对斜沟煤矿迎采掘巷围岩控制难题,采用水力压裂切顶卸压技术弱化回采工作面18104材料巷顶板,通过钻孔窥视检验得出钻孔内具有显著的竖向裂隙带,可实现工作面回采当中及时切断基本顶,进而保证迎采掘进巷道围岩的稳定性。     

基于水足迹与SBM-Malmquist模型的长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率的研究

中国是世界上水资源供需矛盾最突出的国家之一,水资源作为人类生存、社会经济发展的必备资源,一直处于被过度开发利用的状态。文章对长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率进行研究,首先基于水资源效率的内涵,引入环境污染等负面因素,对工业水资源绿色效率进行重新界定,对水资源绿色效率的内涵进行补充,其次通过理论分析与实证分析相结合的方式,了解工业水资源绿色效率的影响因素和时空特征,以此来探讨长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率的提升方法。文章在蓝水足迹与灰水足迹概念的基础上,通过运用三阶段超效率SBM模型和Malmquist-Luenberger指数分解法,选择工业从业人员（劳动）、工业固定资产投资（资本）、蓝水足迹（自然资源）作为投入变量,将工业增加值作为期望产出变量,将灰水足迹作为非期望产出变量,构建了工业水资源绿色效率的指标体系,并对长江经济带11省市2009—2019年的工业水资源绿色效率进行了测算。结果表明,长江经济带整体和区域的蓝水足迹具有波动性,灰水足迹呈下降趋势。在剔除环境因素和随机误差后,发现环境因素对纯技术效率的抑制作用较为明显,规模效率和综合技术效率还有一定的提升空间。全要素生产率指数呈现上升趋势,虽然影响全要素生产率指数变化的因素在各个省份、不同阶段有所不同,但整体上长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率的主要驱动因素源于技术进步。因此建议长江经济带的不同省份可以结合各自的产业特点,发挥各个区域的资源禀赋,通过产业上下游供应链结合等方式来提高规模效率、加强区域合作,通过投入产出要素的优化提高效益、减少水污染。