城市水土保持区划及功能性评价研究——以宜昌市为例

目前全国地级市水土保持区划工作滞后,宜昌市作为湖北省域副中心城市,城市水土流失严重。为突出地方特色、因地制宜地指导地方水土保持区划工作的落地实施,以宜昌市为例,在国家、省级水土保持区划成果的基础上,紧密结合宜昌市地方特点,逐步进行细化,形成宜昌市水土保持四级区划,并对区划成果进行基本功能分析评价。 宜昌市水土保持区划使用四级分区体系,前三级区划沿用国家水土保持区划中一级、二级、三级分区范围;四级区被分为6个水土保持片区:沿江平原丘陵农田防护区、香溪河山地生态维护区、三峡库区山地丘陵保土区、沮漳河山地丘陵保土区、清江山地水源涵养保土区以及中心城区人居环境维护区。全市共涉及5个水土保持基本功能,分别为农田防护、生态维护、土壤保持、水源涵养和人居环境维护。地级市水土保持区划分区既要在国家、省级水土保持区划基础上进行,同时还需突出地方特点,因地制宜。宜昌市水土流失治理应坚持预防为主,保护水源,并加强水土保持重点监管。     

模型桥墩局部冲刷瞬时地形数据自动获取装备研制

模型试验中冲刷地形测绘装备相对落后,致使桥墩周围局部冲刷瞬时地形数据无法实时获取,冲刷动态发展过程及机理的模型试验研究工作难以开展。研制了一种模型桥墩局部冲刷瞬时地形数据等值线自动绘制装备,并利用室内水工模型试验优化了各组成的性能指标,量化了绘制装备的设计参数,分析了监测系统在模型应用中的测绘精度及在工程原型中的适用性。模型试验研究表明,该装备结构简单,操作方便,加工制作成本较低,精度及灵敏性较高,能够快速获取动态过程中局部冲刷瞬时地形等值线,适用于局部冲刷发展影响流场特性研究中的水下地形快速测绘,也可按放大比尺制作成型后应用于涉水建筑物周围水下地形监测。     

基于最优Oustaloup的分数阶PID参数整定

目前工程控制中大部分系统采用传统PID控制,由于分数阶PID继承了传统PID的优点,并且具有更好的控制品质及更强的鲁棒性,因此针对分数阶微积分的高精度数字实现及分数阶PID控制器在工程复杂系统中的实际应用,提出一种新的分数阶微积分高精度数字实现算法-最优Oustaloup数字实现,并建立控制系统的仿真模型,利用框图式模型结合最优ITAE性能指标来整定分数阶PID的参数。通过实例仿真验证,该方法能进一步优化控制器参数,提高控制精度及获得更好的控制效果,便于非线性系统及复杂系统的分数阶PID参数整定。     

Robust stability and stabilization of discrete singular systems with interval time-varying delay and linear fractional uncertainty

The robust stability and robust stabilization problems for discrete singular systems with interval time-varying delay and linear fractional uncertainty are discussed. A new delay-dependent criterion is established for the nominal discrete singular delay systems to be regular, causal and stable by employing the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. It is shown that the newly proposed criterion can provide less conservative results than some existing ones. Then, with this criterion, the problems of robust stability and robust stabilization for uncertain discrete singular delay systems are solved, and the delay-dependent LMI conditions are obtained. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the e?ectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Some investigations on fuzzy P + fuzzy I + fuzzy D controller for non-stationary process

The paper addresses the adaptive behaviour of parallel fuzzy proportional plus fuzzy integral plus fuzzy derivative (FP+FI+FD) controller. The parallel FP+FI+FD controller is actually a non-linear adaptive controller whose gain changes continuously with output of the process under control. Two non-stationary processes, whose characteristics change with time, are considered for simulation study. Simulation is performed using software LabVIEW TM . The set-point tracking response of parallel FP+FI+FD is compared with conventional parallel proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller, tuned with the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning technique. Simulation results show that conventional PID controller fails to track the set-point and becomes unstable as the process changes its characteristic with time. But the parallel FP+FI+FD controller shows considerably much better set-point tracking response and does not deviate from steady state. Also, a huge spike is observed in the output of PID controller as the reference set-point and process parameters are changed, while the FP+FI+FD controller gives spike free control signal.     

Sliding mode control with disturbance observer for a class of nonlinear systems

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with disturbance. The disturbance model is unknown and the first derivative of disturbance is bounded. Firstly, a general disturbance observer is proposed to estimate disturbance approximatively. Secondly, since the bound of the disturbance observer error is unknown, an adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee that the state of system asymptotically converges to zero and the unknown bound can be adjusted by an adaptive law. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Intelligent control of doubly‐fed induction generator systems using PIDNNs

An intelligent control for a stand‐alone doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) system using a proportional‐integral‐derivative neural network (PIDNN) is proposed in this study. This system can be applied as a stand‐alone power supply system or as the emergency power system when the electricity grid fails for all sub‐synchronous, synchronous, and super‐synchronous conditions. The rotor side converter is controlled using field‐oriented control to produce 3‐phase stator voltages with constant magnitude and frequency at different rotor speeds. Moreover, the grid side converter, which is also controlled using field‐oriented control, is primarily implemented to maintain the magnitude of the DC‐link voltage. Furthermore, the intelligent PIDNN controller is proposed for both the rotor and grid side converters to improve the transient and steady‐state responses of the DFIG system for different operating conditions. Both the network structure and online learning algorithm are introduced in detail. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control scheme is verified through experimentation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Nondestructive characterization of the mechanical strength of diffusion bonds. II. Application of a quasi-static spring model

It has been shown that the acoustic response of imperfect interfaces may be described by a quasi-static spring model. In the present paper, experimental data on the geometry of the contacts between two diffusion-bonded blocks have been used to determine the spring stiffness of such interfaces which have been correlated with experimentally determined ultrasonic reflection coefficients. The correlation between the theoretical reflection coefficient and the spring stiffness was found to be in excellent agreement with experimentally-observed values, if the disbonds are of infinitesimally small thickness. For disbonds of finite thickness, the agreement is less satisfactory. Reasons for the discrepancy in the latter case are unknown at the present time.     

带有局部控制因子的图割光流估计

提出一种带有局部空间项控制因子的图割光流估计算法,能判断和处理光流场的平移遮挡现象。文中分析了平移遮挡的形成机理,构造了遮挡判别公式,基于本次的正向和反向光流场,依靠遮挡判别结果调节局部空间项控制因子,建立下次的能量泛函,加强背景区域对遮挡区域的平滑作用,隔绝运动区域对遮挡区域的平滑作用,从而构造出新结构的网络流图。另外,该算法被证明可以阻断遮挡误判在各次图割优化过程间的传递,从而使逐次α-扩散移动图割光流算法具有自适应处理遮挡的能力。通过与Ground-truth光流场的实验对比,表明该算法能较好地判断与处理遮挡导致的光流场无效区域。     

近邻自适应局部尺度的谱聚类算法

提出一种在LUV空间中基于多层次化结构Nystrm方法的自适应谱聚类算法。首先引入LUV色彩空间,避免了RGB色彩空间中色彩辨别阈对分割的影响,在纹理、边缘区域取得了更好的分割效果;其次将谱聚类算法中基于多层次化结构的方法和基于Nystrm采样的方法结合起来,有效减少了运算时间、解决了数据量较大时计算过程中内存溢出的问题;最后在K均值聚类中通过对特征间隙(eigengap)的分析,自适应地选择K值的大小,解决了自动确定聚类数目的问题。将提出的方法在LUV色彩空间中和RGB色彩空间中分别进行图像分割实验,结果表明在LUV色彩空间中取得效果更加理想。同时也将提出的算法与基于Nystrm方法的谱聚类算法(spectral clustering-Nystrm,SC-N)进行比较。实验结果表明,该算法在数据运算量、运行时间和分割结果上都优于SC-N方法。