How causal knowledge simplifies decision-making

Making decisions can be hard, but it can also be facilitated. Simple heuristics are fast and frugal but nevertheless fairly accurate decision rules that people can use to compensate for their limitations in computational capacity, time, and knowledge when they make decisions [Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M., & the ABC Research Group (1999). Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart. New York: Oxford University Press.]. These heuristics are effective to the extent that they can exploit the structure of information in the environment in which they operate. Specifically, they require knowledge about the predictive value of probabilistic cues. However, it is often difficult to keep track of all the available cues in the environment and how they relate to any relevant criterion. This problem becomes even more critical if compound cues are considered. We submit that knowledge about the causal structure of the environment helps decision makers focus on a manageable subset of cues, thus effectively reducing the potential computational complexity inherent in even relatively simple decision-making tasks. We review experimental evidence that tested this hypothesis and report the results of a simulation study. We conclude that causal knowledge can act as a meta-cue for identifying highly valid cues, either individual or compound, and helps in the estimation of their validities.     

区域车辆信息管理系统建设设想

充分利用计算机技术和Internet技术,开展车辆管理和网上服务已成为一种发展趋势,重点介绍了区域车辆信息管理系统的建设设想及软件体系构架。     

智能化仪表实现微小量检测的两个软件措施

提出了多点平均和展宽频带的算法。利用计算机的数据存储器作为数字式多点平均器的存储器,用于检测完全被噪声遮蔽的信号。当模拟-数字转换（ADC）器件采样频率一定时,采用展宽频带的方法可以实现对高频和很低频率信号的实时处理,从而提高了仪表的精度,增加了它的动态工作范围。     

通过显微图像特征抽取获得微操作目标纵向信息

工作于生物显微镜下的微操作机器人系统,是完成对生物细胞显微操作的专用操作系 统．由于各种原因,常规的反馈定位控制难以实现．系统中惟一可以利用的信息是由CCD摄 像机获得的显微平面图像,目标的纵向信息难以获得．本文提出了一种基于系列显微图像频 率特性比较的分析方法,完成对微操作系统中各目标体的纵向位置信息的获取,为本系统的 标定工作和位置控制的实现奠定了基础．     

网络存储技术的探讨

本文介绍了传统的依赖服务器存储的缺陷以及网络存储的现状,对附网存储及存储局域网技术进行了论述,把二者进行了比较,并总结出了二者优势和缺点,最后介绍存储局域网和附网存储的应用。     

异步电动机定、转子电阻参数在线实时估计方法

给出了一种异步电动机定、转子电阻参数在线实时估计方法,并将其应用于电压控制型转差频率矢量控制系统,计算机仿真结果表明该方法具有较好的参数估计效果。     

方向估计的神经网络计算

本文给出一种借助于二维神经网络构成的混合系统,用它来完成几种方向估计算法,这些算法包括：最大似然法,交替投影最大似然法,Ｍａｒｃｏｓ等人提出的无需特征分解的“传播算法”。利用神经网络对某些算法的快速性,该系统为实时实现目标的精确定位提供了一条新的,有效的途径。     

Higher order spectral estimation for random fields

This paper is concerned with the nonparametric estimation of the higher order cumulant spectra of vector-valued stationary random fields onZ ^d by smoothing the periodograms, whereZ is the space of integers and the dimensiond1. We derive the asymptotic cumulant properties of the spectral estimates, and consider an application to multidimensional nonlinear systems identification. Numerical examples with simulated data are provided.     

A Novel Self-Creating Neural Network for Learning Vector Quantization

This paper presents a novel self-creating neural network scheme which employs two resource counters to record network learning activity. The proposed scheme not only achieves the biologically plausible learning property, but it also harmonizes equi-error and equi-probable criteria. The training process is smooth and incremental: it not only avoids the stability-and-plasticity dilemma, but also overcomes the dead-node problem and the deficiency of local minimum. Comparison studies on learning vector quantization involving stationary and non-stationary, structured and non-structured inputs demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms other competitive networks in terms of quantization error, learning speed, and codeword search efficiency.     

矿井中频感应通信系统研究

分析与研究矿井中频感应通信系统 ,并提出了一种新型的矿井中频数字感应通信系统。这种系统采用连续可变斜率增量调制 (CVSD)来实现语音信号的编码、GFM调制解调方式、FDMA、PLL频率合成器技术。本系统具有通话质量好、设备简单、抗衰减能力强等特点 ,适于矿井通信。