激光诱导瞬态吸收光谱研究TMB光致电子转移

TMB(N，N．N’，N’-四甲基联苯胺)的气相电离能很低(6．1—6．8eV)，在有机溶剂中很容易被光电离而生成阳离子自由基。此外，激发态TMB还能被氧化性强的物质氧化而失去电子。本工作利用时间分辨激光诱导瞬态吸收光谱装置，以一台Nd：YAG激光器三倍频后的355nm激光作为激发光源，详细研究了TMB和五种缺电子烯反丁烯二腈(Fumaronitrile，FN)、反丁烯二酸二甲酯(Dimethyl fumarate，DMF)、     

Experimental heat transfer in supercritical water flowing inside channels (survey)

This literature survey is for heat transfer to supercritical water flowing in channels. The objectives are to assess the work that was done and to understand the specifics of heat transfer at these conditions. Our exhaustive literature search, which included over 450 papers, showed that the majority of experimental data were obtained in vertical tubes, some data in horizontal tubes and just a few in other flow geometries including bundles. In general, the experiments showed that there are three heat transfer modes in fluids at supercritical pressures: (1) normal heat transfer, (2) deteriorated heat transfer with lower values of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and hence higher values of wall temperature within some part of a test section compared to those of normal heat transfer and (3) improved heat transfer with higher values of the HTC and hence lower values of wall temperature within some part of a test section compared to those of normal heat transfer. The deteriorated heat transfer usually appears at high heat fluxes and lower mass fluxes. Also, a peak in HTC near the critical and pseudo-critical points was recorded. Due to the limited number of publications that are devoted to heat transfer in bundles cooled with water at supercritical pressures, more work is definitely needed to provide the additional information for design purposes.     

基于自然循环预冷过程高效低温传热方法的初步研究

提出将自然循环预冷法与低温热管技术有机结合的设想,综合自然循环和低温热管的优点,可以实现连续、快速冷却,保证被冷却物体的温度波动较小,同时具有自反馈功能.详细介绍了基于自然循环预冷及低温热管的高效低温传热单元的设计及初步试验结果.给出了该低温传热单元在微机械(MEMS)电源开发中的应用实例.     

塑料换热技术在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上的应用展望

溴化锂吸收式制冷机在工业中有着广泛的应用,但换热装置腐蚀及其引起的冷量衰减一直以来是人们难以解决的问题.根据现有的溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的性能,结合塑料换热装置的一些特点,提出了采用塑料换热装置代替金属换热装置来解决溴化锂吸收式制冷机的这个难题;并以研制一台制冷量为3.49×104W的溴化锂吸收式制冷机组为例,对塑料换热装置的溴化锂吸收式制冷机组与传统金属溴化锂吸收式制冷机组相关部件的参数进行比较.通过对溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的传热面积、管道阻力的计算和安全强度的校核,发现塑料换热装置应用在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上是可行的,塑料换热技术在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上有着较好的应用前景.     

强化管内流动沸腾换热研究现状

介绍了强化管内流动沸腾换热国内外的研究现状,分析了微肋管内流动沸腾换热的影响因素,并且给出了几个实用的微肋管内沸腾换热关联式,最后对微肋管内沸腾换热的研究方向进行了讨论.     

水平微肋管内冷凝换热特性实验关联式的研究进展

概述目前国内、外空调制冷行业中普遍采用的水平微肋管内冷凝换热特性的实验关联式及其影响因素,指出正确地选用实验关联式,为空调制冷行业中冷凝器的优化设计及其制造提供可靠的依据.     

爪式无油增压传输真空泵的设计

爪式无油增压传输真空泵的设计和制造,使其成功的应用于各种气体物料在真空负压条件下的增压传输工艺作业,成为核燃料浓缩工业等现代高新技术领域最新的科技成果,对于化工和其他工业应用爪式无油真空泵进行气体物料增压传输工艺作业也具有指导意义.本文简要的叙述了爪式无油增压传输真空泵的设计依据、技术要求、驱动传动系统、结构选择及其工作原理.该系列产品在实际应用中也取得了良好的效果.     

干燥过程中恒速段物料温度计算方法简介

利用传热传质方程得出干燥介质的湿球温度,在物料充分湿润的情况下,可将恒速段物料温度认为是干燥介质的湿球温度,从中得出物料的实际温度。     

Luminescent properties and energy transfer processes of co-doped Yb–Er poly-crystalline YAG matrix

A poly-crystalline YAG matrix was obtained through the precipitation method; this matrix was single and co-doped with ytterbium and erbium ions, i.e., Yb:YAG, Er:YAG and Yb,Er:YAG. It is found that the measured luminescent properties are similar to those reported for a mono-crystal YAG matrix. In addition, by studying the energy transfer processes in co-doped samples, it is shown that at high erbium concentrations the red emission is enhanced through an up-conversion process that takes place from the ⁴I_13/2 to the ⁴F_9/2 state of erbium ions. This enhanced red emission becomes comparable in intensity to the observed green emission and occurs by pumping at 800 nm through a back energy transfer process.     

Pool boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide on a horizontal tube

Carbon dioxide is again becoming an important refrigerant. While the thermophysical properties are well known there is a lack of data on its heat transfer characteristics.

In this study, heat transfer coefficients for nucleate boiling of carbon dioxide are determined using a standard apparatus for the investigation of pool boiling based on a set-up from Karlsruhe [D. Gorenflo, J. Goetz, K. Bier. Vorschlag für eine Standard-Apparatur zur Messung des Wärmeübergangs beim Blasensieden. Wärme-und Stoffübertragung 16 (1982), 69–78; J. Goetz, Entwicklung und Erprobung einer Normapparatur zur Messung des Wärmeübergangs beim Blasensieden. Dissertation Universität Karlsruhe (1980).] and built at our institute. Electrically heated horizontal cylinders with an outer diameter of 16 mm and a length of 100 mm are used as heating elements. Measurements with constant heat flux are performed for different wall materials and surface roughnesses. The heat transfer is investigated within the pressure range of 0.53≤ p ≤1.43 MPa (0.072≤ p/p_c ≤0.190) and a temperature range of −56≤ t ≤−30 °C, respectively. Heat fluxes of up to 80,000 W m⁻² are applied.

The influences of wall material and roughness on the heat transfer coefficient are evaluated separately. The obtained coefficients are compared to generally accepted correlations and to experimental results of other authors, who used similar configurations with copper tubes and carbon dioxide. These are the only previous experimental data, which could be found. Results for copper, stainless steel and aluminium as wall materials are presented.