Electromagnetic control of convective heat transfer during electron beam evaporation: model experiments

The present paper aims to demonstrate that melt-flow during electron beam evaporation can be effectively controlled by using external magnetic fields to considerably reduce the convective heat transfer. We discuss the various effects of a static magnetic field, a static field combined with an applied electrical current, and a rotating magnetic field. We perform model experiments using GaInSn in eutectic composition as a test liquid. The liquid metal is heated locally at its free surface by an electric resistance heater. The results of the measurements are compared to prediction of numerical simulations.     

Heat transfer characteristics of flat plate finned-tube heat exchangers with large fin pitch

The objective of this study is to provide experimental data that can be used in the optimal design of flat plate finned-tube heat exchangers with large fin pitch. In this study, 22 heat exchangers were tested with a variation of fin pitch, number of tube row, and tube alignment. The air-side heat transfer coefficient decreased with a reduction of the fin pitch and an increase of the number of tube row. The reduction in the heat transfer coefficient of the four-row heat exchanger coil was approximately 10% as the fin pitch decreased from 15.0 to 7.5 mm over the Reynolds number range of 500–900 that was calculated based on the tube diameter. For all fin pitches, the heat transfer coefficient decreased as the number of tube row increased from 1 to 4. The staggered tube alignment improved heat transfer performance more than 10% compared to the inline tube alignment. A heat transfer correlation was developed from the measured data for flat plate finned-tubes with large fin pitch. The correlation yielded good predictions of the measured data with mean deviations of 3.8 and 6.2% for the inline and staggered tube alignment, respectively.     

双线高速线材轧机速度控制系统

通过双线高速线材轧机两种常规速度控制系统模型的分析，重点介绍了湘潭第二高速线材厂的双线速度控制系统，其与常规的速度控制系统比较。其有单／双线轧制控制模式的无扰切换、精轧机速度波动小、调整灵活和便于检修等优点。     

Heat transfer coefficient measurements for mixed gas working fluids at cryogenic temperatures

The use of mixed gas working fluids has become common in Joule-Thomson type cryocoolers for a variety of applications. However, there is very little data or theory currently available regarding the heat transfer coefficient associated with these multi-component, multi-phase mixtures at cryogenic temperatures. This paper describes an experimental test facility and procedure that has been used to make careful measurements of the horizontal, flow boiling heat transfer coefficient for several hydrocarbon mixtures that are nominally optimal for small, Joule-Thomson cryocoolers in the 80 K to 120 K operating range. Data are presented over a range of temperatures from 100 K to room temperature and for several pressures and mass flow rates. The results indicate that quality and mass flux are the most important parameters governing the heat transfer coefficient among those that were varied. The experiment is verified by carrying out tests using single-phase, pure nitrogen gas and comparing the results with the Dittus-Boelter equation. The experimental uncertainty of the measurements is estimated from 1st principles; additionally, the repeatability of the experimental measurements was investigated by replicating tests at a nominal set of operating conditions and composition on separate days. The measurements presented here are intended to aid in the design of small, mixed-gas Joule-Thomson cryocoolers.     

TDI-CCD相机动态成像的速度同步控制研究

在介绍时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件(TD I-CCD)的结构与工作原理基础上,通过像移调制传递函数(MTF)分析了TD I-CCD行扫速率与运动像不同步时对相机成像质量的影响。理论和实验仿真表明:在奈奎斯特频率范围内,只要将TD I-CCD推扫成像过程中的同步误差控制在一定的范围内,就可以明显地减少像移对成像质量的影响,最后,给出了2种简便和实用的同步控制方法。     

套管换热器旋流强化传热性能研究

本文针对工程中常用的套管换热器 ,采用切向引入装置、管内安装扭曲带方法使流体产生旋转流动 ,研究了两种旋流方式对强化传热性能的影响 ,为旋流强化传热装置的应用提供了必要的实验依据。     

高速气流加速下雾粒的传质

针对高分散气雾两相流动体系,提出了一种新的传质理论表达式,其传质系数用Kolmogoroff长度时间尺度进行关联,并开发出基于Monte Carlo和CFD的联合模拟方案.运用该传质表达式和模拟方案,成功地模拟了氢氧化钠与二氧化碳的气雾两相射流中和反应体系.结果表明相间传质时间尺度(1.6×10-4 s)远小于弛豫时间尺度(4.5×10-4 s),进一步研究说明尽管气雾相间传质的速率很快,但相间传递量是主要通过速度滑移实现的,相间传质对雾粒相的运动行为影响甚小,因而在工程上对于雾粒相运动行为的描述可以忽略传质的影响.由激光多普勒测速仪得到的实验数据证实了模拟结果,表明模拟能正确预测此类输运现象.     

服装织物层热湿传递机理模型

以服装的织物层为考察对象，基于织物层内部的多孔介质特点，依据表征性体积单元的概念，应用连续介质的分析方法，考虑织物层热湿传递过程中的相变、吸湿、解吸等作用，以及质量、动量、能量三大守恒定律，建立了能够反映织物层温度场、湿分浓度场及气相总压场变化规律的三场机制模型。