苏州市水环境质量改善的财政金融支撑

介绍苏州市水环境质量改善长效运行采取的"管养分离"模式。从政府财政补贴、财政收费、金融扶持三个方面分析了财政金融政策对苏州水环境养护的支撑,并提出还可以通过捐助来补充资金的缺口。     

混凝土坝安全监测系统评价指标

确定合理的评价指标是进行混凝土坝安全监测系统综合评价的基础.文中阐述了综合评价的主要内容及思路,将数理统计原理及多元逐步回归模型应用到部分监测项目的指标制定中;结合某混凝土坝安全监测系统综合评价实例,给出了垂线、引张线、视准线等监测设施的设计精度评价指标及监测数据的长期准确性评价指标.     

小型断陷湖盆下生上储式油成藏规律研究——以海-塔盆地中部主要断陷带大磨拐河组为例

通过油藏解剖及油藏与油成藏条件之间的空间匹配关系得到,海-塔盆地中部主要断陷带大磨拐河组油藏主要为断层油藏,平面上主要分布在反转构造上和长期发育断裂附近。大磨拐河组油成藏与分布主要受4种因素的控制:①南一段源岩区控制着大磨拐河组油成藏与分布的范围;②反转构造及其附近是大磨拐河组油聚集的有利部位;③辫状河三角洲前缘亚相砂体为大磨拐河组油聚集成藏提供了储集空间;④长期发育断裂不仅为南一段源岩生成的油向大磨拐河组运移提供了输导通道,而且为大磨拐河组油聚集提供了圈闭。大磨拐河组油成藏模式为:南一段源岩生成的油在浮力作用下通过长期发育断裂向上覆大磨拐河组运移,在反转构造及其附近的断块或断层-岩性圈闭中聚集成藏。     

加清净剂汽油长期储存实际胶质变化规律

 采用43℃催速储存试验方法,考察了加清净剂汽油长期储存过程中实际胶质的影响因素和变化规律。研究结果表明,加剂汽油长期储存中实际胶质的主要影响因素为储存时间,其次为汽油种类和清净剂。在安定性差的汽油中添加清净剂后长期储存,实际胶质随储存时间增加呈线性关系递增。清净剂会分散胶质前身物,阻止进一步缩聚,从而抑制汽油长期储存时胶质的形成,改善储存安定性。     

华北电网大容量发电机励磁系统建模与参数辨识测试

调查了华北电网100MW及以上发电机及其励磁系统的类型和制造厂家,确定选择具有典型励磁系统特性的直接接入500 kV系统的大容量发电机组开展发电机励磁系统参数测试辨识试验,经过现场测试、励磁系统参数初值拟合、电磁暂态校核以及系统暂态稳定校核,得到了满足生产实际需要的发电机励磁系统模型参数。自2004年7月华北电网开始采用现场测试得到的发电机励磁系统详细模型参数,进行年度方式、中期规划稳定计算,指导实际生产。     

延迟焦化装置长周期运行风险分析和对策

对某公司的一套延迟焦化装置进行了长周期运行的风险分析并提出了相应对策.首先从工艺生产方面,对影响装置长周期安全运行的因素,如原料性质、装置负荷率和生产方案的变化,以及公用工程和操作的稳定性进行了分析;其次,利用英国TISCHUK公司的T-OCA软件对设备进行基于风险检验(Risk-based Inspection,即RBI)的定量分析,分析了装置中工艺设备的失效可能性和失效后果,确定了设备运行的风险等级并按风险大小进行了排序;最后,确定了装置长周期安全运行存在的薄弱环节并提出了控制措施,以便为该装置的长周期安全运行提供科学的技术支持.     

优化资本结构 降低资本成本

我国资本市场的进一步完善,要求企业经营者更加关注资本市场,重视资本成本。通过对企业如何进行优化资本结构决策的探讨,找出降低资本成本的途径;阐述影响企业资本结构优化的各个因素,以及资本结构优化决策的几种方法;对比较企业价值法进行重点介绍,论述利用该方法进行资本结构优化决策的全过程。     

过程工业长远规划模型

介绍多周期混合整数规划模型技术在过程工业长远规划方案优化中的应用,根据原料,产品市场预测及规划周期内的投资预算,建立了以规划周期以内现值为目标的模型,能准确测算投资回报,以某化工厂的化工生产装置为实例进行了计算。     

将石油磺酸盐产品中未磺化油转变为石油羧酸盐的研究

将石油磺酸盐产品中未磺化油分离后进行氧化、皂化反应,表面活性剂产率提高25%以上,得到的石油羧酸盐与石油磺酸盐产品进行复配,在Na2CO3含量6数12 g/L及复配表面活性剂含量1数3 g/L的范围内,复配体系与大庆原油间可以形成超低界面张力。考虑到石油磺酸盐产品在分离未磺化油后活性会下降,又进行了将含有未磺化油的石油磺酸盐产品直接氧化的研究,得到石油羧酸盐和石油磺酸盐的混合产物,活性物含量提高8%以上,未反应油含量降低10%左右,氧化后界面活性得到保持或略有改善。用氧化后的产物配成的三元复合体系具有很好的界面活性长期稳定性,在6个月的贮存测试期间均保持了初始时10-4m N/m数量级的超低界面张力。     

Potential of Modern Data Types for Future Water Resources Management

Abstract

Presently a change of paradigm in the field of planning and operation of water management schemes can be observed. The introduction of the principle of sustainable development by the United Nations and the principle of integrated river basin management postulated by the European Union play a major role in this context. Introduction of these new principles requires development of new planning tools, which in turn require a much better data basis than available hitherto. This paper deals with new data types already partly available now, partly to be expected to be developed in the medium-range future. The present data situation is discussed, along with the obvious deficits of conventional data. New data types will not be limited to point measurements, but rather must comprise information covering large areas with a higher resolution in time and space than presently available. Remote sensing data will play a more important role in the future. Furthermore, digital maps, digital elevation models, etc. are also of growing importance and will be processed, together with remote sensing and other data, within Geographical Information Systems of future generations also exposing the potential for working with multi-temporal imagery. In the paper it is shown that in the future more accurate data will be available, not only in terms of data quality, but also resolution in time and space. It is shown how the new types of hydrometeorological data postulate new types of hydrological models. Here, distributed system models are of growing importance. Furthermore, it is shown how the combination of remote sensing with other information leads to new data types that allow integrated planning of water resources systems. The potential of real time data is highlighted, particularly in the context of real time operation of water resources systems, especially for flood control. The potential of large-scale data schemes in the context of regional and continental water management schemes is discussed. Global atmospheric models coupled to hydrological models are discussed, and their potential to consider long-distance effects of certain phenomena (e.g., El Niño) are mentioned. For sustainable development of water resources, the potential of long-term data prediction scenarios is evaluated, and an example of this principle for planning future water supply systems is presented. The paper ends with a vision of future developments in planning water management schemes on the basis of new data types