光泵磁力仪中磁共振光学检测方法研究

在光泵磁力仪中,直接检测塞曼能级跃迁时的信噪比非常低,而采用磁共振光学检测技术,可把对微波量子的检测变换到对能量较微波量子大数万倍的光子的检测上,可大幅度得提高检测信号的信噪比。为此,针对光泵磁力仪中磁共振的光学检测方法进行了研究,论述了吸收室透明度检测法、正交光束检测法、自旋交换碰撞法和调制泵浦光法的基本原理及实验装置,分析对比了这些方法的测量特点,给出其适用对象及实现的难易程度,为光泵磁力仪的设计提供了依据。     

Cs原子磁力仪共振谱线宽度的研究

介绍了Cs原子无自旋交换弛豫磁力仪(Cs-SERFM)的工作原理;分析了Cs泡温度105℃条件下,缓冲气体He的压强对Cs原子横向弛豫及线宽的影响,给出了惰性气体He的最佳压强为350×133.3 Pa;讨论了共振谱线的宽度与温度之间的关系,在105℃时Cs-SERFM谱线宽度仅为3.7 Hz。     

基于三轴磁强计和重力测量的融合导航算法

为了减小地磁导航的估计误差协方差,提高导航的可靠性和准确性,将重力作为一种新的量测信息引入到地磁导航系统中,提出了基于三轴磁强计与重力测量的融合导航算法.该算法以飞行器的位置与速度向量作为状态向量,建立状态方程;以飞行器所在位置的地磁场强度矢量与重力场强度矢量作为观测向量,建立观测方程;设计了一种联邦滤波器,用于融合三轴磁强计与重力测量仪表提供的量测信息.由于量测方程与状态方法都是非线性的,因此采用无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)作为子滤波器可获得较高精度.仿真结果表明:该方法得到的位置估计误差小于30m,速度误差小于5m/s.与单一地磁导航、重力导航方法相比,该组合导航方法显示出更好的收敛性与可靠性.     

一种八位置数字磁强计系统误差标定方法

由于数字磁强计本身制作和生产安装的精度差异,产生了数字磁强计的系统误差.通过对数字磁强计的系统误差进行详细分析和理论计算,建立了误差方程,并提出了一种简单有效的系统误差补偿方法--八位置标定方法,并对此方法进行了实验验证.实验结果表明:该方法可以较好地补偿数字磁强计的系统误差,提高航向测量精度.     

Estimates of the errors when determining the direction and localization of the magnetic-field source of a dipole model

Stationary methods for the direction finding and localization of a magnetic-field source of a dipole model in real time are considered. For each method, an analytical estimate is made of the root mean square deviation of the measurement errors. The estimates are made using computer modeling of the errors. The limiting ranges when the equipment contains flux-gate magnetometers and gradiometers are determined. The methods are compared with respect to stability, range, and accuracy and the best method is chosen. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 30–35, May, 2008.     

三轴磁强计正交误差分析与校正

对三轴磁强计中由于三轴间不正交和灵敏度不一致所引起的测量误差进行了详细分析和理论计算,在此基础上,提出了三轴磁强计的正交变换,灵敏度一致性校正及消除零点漂移的方法并进行了实验验证。试验结果表明,文中给出的方法至少可以把三轴磁强计正交度误差校正到0.05°以下,同时灵敏度一致性误差校正到0.05%以下。     

PZT MEMS for an Extremely Sensitive Magnetometer

The application of a Pt/PZT/Pt sandwich structure in place of a polysilicon material for a xylophone magnetometer bar can greatly improve the sensitivity of the device. This is the first time a piezoelectric activation has been used to resonate a xylophone bar comprised of SiO₂/Ta/Pt/PZT/Pt. Both optical beam and scanning laser Doppler vibrometer methods were used for characterizing the bar deflection. A fabrication process for freely suspended xylophone magnetometer bars is presented. When the device was placed in a vacuum ambient the Quality factor improved to a value of 1800.     

Light,the universe and everything – 12 Herculean tasks for quantum cowboys and black diamond skiers

Abstract

The Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE) has been a seminal force in quantum optics and related areas since 1971. It is rather mind-boggling to recognize how the concepts presented at these conferences have transformed scientific understanding and human society. In January 2017, the participants of PQE were asked to consider the equally important prospects for the future, and to formulate a set of questions representing some of the greatest aspirations in this broad field. The result is this multi-authored paper, in which many of the world’s leading experts address the following fundamental questions: (1) What is the future of gravitational wave astronomy? (2) Are there new quantum phases of matter away from equilibrium that can be found and exploited – such as the time crystal? (3) Quantum theory in uncharted territory: What can we learn? (4) What are the ultimate limits for laser photon energies? (5) What are the ultimate limits to temporal, spatial and optical resolution? (6) What novel roles will atoms play in technology? (7) What applications lie ahead for nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond? (8) What is the future of quantum coherence, squeezing and entanglement for enhanced super-resolution and sensing? (9) How can we solve (some of) humanity’s biggest problems through new quantum technologies? (10) What new understanding of materials and biological molecules will result from their dynamical characterization with free-electron lasers? (11) What new technologies and fundamental discoveries might quantum optics achieve by the end of this century? (12) What novel topological structures can be created and employed in quantum optics?     

Pulsed gradient analysis using a dedicated magnetometer

In magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, knowledge of the magnetic field gradient behavior is very important. This work describes a simple way to characterize the temporal and spatial dependence of the main magnetic field when a gradient is switched. Records are performed with a home-built magnetometer. This device is controlled by a personal computer for recording and processing the NMR signals from an array of small probes spatially distributed and switched by the magnetometer. We present results of measurements on a 2-T superconducting magnet. These results show the residual defects of an active shielded gradient coils system.     

基于椭圆假设的磁强计罗差校正实验研究

基于MS-3型磁强计和GPS接收机,实现了真航向角的测量。设计出了基于中值滤波预处理和最佳椭圆假设的磁强计罗差补偿算法,辅助以GPS提供的位置信息得到磁偏角。在此基础上,设计了一组模拟不同类型干扰磁场的磁强计数据采集实验。实验结果表明：补偿后的磁强计航向误差可以减低到0．6°以内。