洪水预报调度决策系统在抗击台风中的作用

洪水预报调度决策系统近年来在全国各地得到广泛的应用。简单介绍了洪水预报系统的系统组成及功能,分析了系统在抗击台风过程中的作用与效益,总结了系统多年的运行和维护经验。根据多年的运行经验,系统能及时提供雨、水情数据和高效的调度会商决策,提高防御台风、突发性暴雨等自然灾害的能力。     

Using visual reinforcement to establish stimulus control of responding of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens).

Stimulus control of ring swimming was studied with male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) using 2-component multiple schedules in which the components were correlated with the presence or absence of air bubbles in the water. In Experiment 1, either response-independent mirror presentations or extinction was juxtaposed with immediate response-dependent mirror presentations. Rates of ring swimming generally were higher with immediate reinforcement than with either response-independent mirror presentations or extinction. In Experiment 2, different durations of response-dependent mirror presentations were juxtaposed. Generally, higher rates of ring swimming occurred with 15-s than with 0-, 1-, or 3-s durations. Results demonstrate that stimulus control of responding can be established with these fish under several conditions of differential reinforcement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈液化石油气火灾的特点及消防措施

以某煤气公司液化石油气火灾事故为例,详细分析了液化石油气火灾的特点。并针对防火、安全管理、应急预案、扑救措施等问题提出了可借鉴的措施。     

Evaluation of two cooling systems under a firefighter coverall

Firemen often suffer from heat strain. This study investigated two chest cooling systems for use under a firefighting suit. In nine male subjects, a vest with water soaked cooling pads and a vest with water perfused tubes were compared to a control condition. Subjects performed 30 min walking and 10 min recovery in hot conditions, while physiological and perceptual parameters were measured. No differences were observed in heart rate and rectal temperature, but scapular skin temperature and fluid loss were lower using the perfused vest. Thermal sensation was cooler for the perfused vest than for the other conditions, while the cool pad vest felt initially cooler than control. However, comfort and RPE scores were similar. We conclude that the cooling effect of both tested systems, mainly providing a (temporally) cooler thermal sensation, was limited and did not meet the expectations.     

星际软着陆机动能力评估方法研究

针对软着陆过程中自主选取安全着陆点的需要,研究了探测器机动能力的评估方法.首先根据软着陆制导律,建立加速度模型积分结果与剩余燃料可生成速度增量之间的数学关系,推导出探测器机动能力的数值计算方法;其次,将软着陆过程中抵消重力作用与位置机动看作两个独立的过程,并假设位置机动过程为理想两脉冲机动,推导出解析的软着陆机动能力表达式;最后,通过数值仿真表明两种分析方法能够得到相近的结果,解析的机动能力分析方法可以实时的对探测器可能着陆区域进行预测,能够为探测器自主的选定着陆点提供重要依据.     

飞翼无人机非线性控制设计方法

为实现飞翼无人机的机动飞行,以带有流体矢量方向舵的飞翼无人机为设计对象,采用非线性设计方法设计了控制器,并进行飞行验证.针对飞翼无人机的机动飞行控制存在各种耦合和扰动的特点,设计内环线性化解耦以消除已知不利的耦合项,外环反步跟踪方法进行航迹跟踪的控制律结构,证明了该控制结构的稳定性.同传统反步控制方法相比,该控制器增加了内环解耦结构,并在控制结构中保留气动阻尼项,使得线性化后的系统为弱非线性系统.该结构不仅可以降低外环控制器设计的保守性,而且便于工程实现.仿真和飞行试验表明,该控制方案是有效的.     

面向沿道路机动的最优路径模型优化

根据“公路”地理实体的数据结构以及机动的特点,对最优路径模型以及模型的影响因子进行解析,提出了改进的最优路径模型影响因子。通过层次分析法,量化改进后的权重体系并通过算例分析验证其合理性;利用改进后的最优路径模型,经验证符合实际情况需求。     

水流中船舶单双锚泊偏荡运动响应研究

为研究不同形式锚泊船在流中偏荡运动响应特性及规律,给出了比较全面的船舶锚泊操纵运动数学模型及数值求解方案。采用数值仿真研究方法,对单锚泊和双锚泊(八字锚、一字锚等)多种锚泊形式展开了详尽的计算分析。将船舶和锚链分别建模,锚泊船采用MMG操纵运动方程,并计入低速时水动力影响;对于水下锚链,为准确地计入三维情况下其和海底之间的各种作用力,采用最基本的集中质量法来描述其运动;而后通过边界条件将船-链耦合成为一个整体。最后通过仿真计算研究了各种形式锚泊船在流中的偏荡运动,以此为基础对单、双锚泊之间的运动特性进行了对比研究;并分析了诸多因素(如微速倒车)对其运动的影响,通过总结给出了规律性结论。     

空间智能操控装备在轨服务建模与仿真研究

为了保证空间智能操控装备在轨服务任务的顺利实施,研究了与其相关的规划、建模与仿真等关键技术。在此基础上,研制开发了一套空间智能操控装备在轨服务仿真系统;该系统采用HLA/RTI仿真框架,实现了空间态势监控、任务规划、轨道机动规划、测控资源计算、轨道机动仿真、在轨操作仿真、控制指令生成与发送等功能。基于该仿真系统,进行了空间智能操控装备在轨服务任务的仿真分析,对关键任务节点进行了反复验证。     

Adaptive Fuzzy PD+ Control for Attitude Maneuver of Rigid Spacecraft

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy PD+ controller is proposed for the attitude maneuver of rigid spacecraft. The novel controller adjusts the gains of the PD+ attitude controller online according to attitude errors and angular velocity errors during the maneuver procedure. Therefore, quick response and avoidance of actuator saturation can be achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, the adaptation mechanism is designed, based on Lyapunov theory, to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. To achieve good performance of the closed‐loop system under the constraint of actuator saturation, controller parameter optimization is developed on the basis of a genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that the transient performance and robustness against parametric uncertainty and environmental disturbance of the adaptive fuzzy PD+ controller are better than those of a constant PD+ controller.