Novel accelerated corrosion test for LY 12CZ and LC4CS aluminum alloys

A new accelerated corrosion test--comprehensive environmental test （CET） was developed in order to estimate the outdoor corrosion of aluminum alloys in marine environment. The environmental characteristics in CET were studied by atmospheric corrosion monitor （ACM）, and the morphology of corrosion product was observed by SEM. The correlation between the accelerated corrosion tests and outdoor exposure was discussed. The results show that the anti-corrosion ranking for LY12CZ, LC4CS, clad LY12CZ, and clad LC4CS in CET is the same as that of the alloys exposed outdoor, and ACM study shows that CET demonstrates the .same environmental characteristics as that exposed outdoor. CET is a more accurate accelerated corrosion test, and a mathematical relation was obtained to describe the relation between CET and outdoor test.     

硫酸盐还原菌对海底土中锌腐蚀的影响

利用微生物分析、交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱等方法，在室内模拟条件下研究了海底土中硫酸盐还原菌对锌腐蚀的影响，以及在以接菌及灭菌的海底土构成的宏电池腐蚀中锌的腐蚀行为。180d的试验结果表明：海底土中硫酸盐还原菌增强锌的腐蚀，锌在接菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点蚀深度均大于在灭菌泥中的平均腐蚀速率及点饰深度，平均腐蚀速率相差7．0倍，点蚀速率相差15．0倍以上。在接菌和灭菌海底土构成宏电池时，接菌海底土中锌作为阳极，腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所增大，加速率为12．7％，而在灭菌海底土中锌作为阴极，腐蚀速率比自然腐蚀状态下有所减小。     

在不同海域长尺电联结低合金钢的腐蚀规律研究

用长尺电联结方法研究了低合金钢在不同海域的腐蚀规律和耐蚀性,对3种钢4个海域2年的海水腐蚀试验结果进行了分析.     

Optimization of casting conditions for heat and abrasion resistant large grey iron castings

Numerical simulation technology was applied for optimizing the casting design and conditions in large cast iron castings for marine engine. By the simulation of mold filling and solidification sequences the problems of the previous casting conditions were analyzed and marked improvements for large cylinder liner parts were derived from these results. Especially the amount and positions of chills were optimized to increase the mechanical properties and to minimize the shrinkage and microporosity in the castings. Ultrasonic testing, penetration testing and mechanical property testing were carried out for the parts with the modified casting conditions. It showed that no defects in the castings were found and the productivity could be distinctly increased. The mechanical properties satisfied also the specification demanded.     

基于蚁群聚类的RBF NN海洋环境下武器效能评估

海洋环境复杂多变,武器装备作战效能影响要素众多并且机理复杂,效能评估问题难度加大。针对海洋环境影响下武器效能的评估问题,将蚁群聚类算法与RBF神经网络相结合,提出了基于蚁群聚类的RBF神经网络武器作战效能评估方法并建立评估模型。通过蚁群聚类算法确定RBF神经网络隐含层神经元的中心值,并且为了得到最优聚类结果,在蚁群聚类中加入了局部搜索。最后,利用样本数据对该模型进行训练,并对特定条件下武器作战效能进行评估,实验证明此评估模型具有一定的可行性和有效性。     

心肌细胞电位传感器在海洋生物毒素检测中的研究

目前海洋毒素对人类健康的威胁越加严重,尤其是麻痹性毒素。提出了一种基于细胞电位传感器检测贝类的生物毒性的新方法,采用心肌细胞与微电子加工技术的微阵列芯片（MEA）相结合,构建了新型的心肌细胞电位传感器。通过心肌细胞与MEA芯片的紧密耦合,实现了实时监测心肌细胞电位的变化,输出稳定和一致性好的胞外场电位信号。通过检测海洋中危害较大的石房蛤麻痹性毒素（STX）,分析细胞的信号特征参数,实验结果表明,STX毒素对心肌细胞的电生理活动有明显的抑制作用,对脉冲幅值和脉冲频率有明显的浓度依赖性抑制作用。常规标准的生物毒性检测方法小鼠生物法的检出限为40 g/100 g,而心肌细胞电位传感器可检测的下限为1.004 ng/mL,检测范围为25 nmol/L~1600 nmol/L,通过对比表明该方法具有较好的检出限且检测方法相对简单,易于规范化和标准化。通过进一步的完善,该方法在海洋毒素的快速检测应用方面具有良好的发展前景。     

Establishing spatial trends in water chemistry and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) in the Elwha River prior to dam removal and salmon recolonization

Two high‐head dams on the Elwha River in Washington State (USA) have changed the migratory patterns of resident and anadromous fish, limiting Pacific salmon to the lower 7.9 km of a river that historically supported large Pacific salmon runs. To document the effects of the dams prior to their removal, we measured carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of primary producers, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish, and water chemistry above, between and below the dams. We found that δ¹⁵N was significantly higher in fish, stoneflies, black flies, periphyton and macroalgae where salmon still have access. Fish and chloroperlid stoneflies were enriched in δ¹³C, but the values were more variable than in δ¹⁵N. For some taxa, there were also differences between the two river sections that lack salmon, suggesting that factors other than marine‐derived nutrients are structuring longitudinal isotopic profiles. Consistent with trophic theory, macroalgae had the lowest δ¹⁵N, followed by periphyton, macroinvertebrates and fish, with a range of 6.9, 6.2 and 7.7‰ below, between, and above the dams, respectively. Water chemistry analyses confirmed earlier reports that the river is oligotrophic. Phosphorous levels in the Elwha were lower than those found in other regional rivers, with significant differences among regulated, unregulated and reference sections. The removal of these dams, among the largest of such projects ever attempted, is expected to facilitate the return of salmon and their marine‐derived nutrients (MDN) throughout the watershed, possibly altering the food web structure, nutrient levels and stable isotope values that we documented. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于BIRIS的海运物流服务平台案例研究

With increasing competition in international marine logistics service industry, the voice of improving marine logistics service for reducing operation cost and improving service quality is much higher. Aiming at the marine logistics services between Weihai and Korea, this paper makes a case study to design a BIRIS-based public platform for this service. Firstly, current business scenarios of Sino-Korea marine logistics services are briefly analyzed and some business issues that need to be solved urgently are listed, e.g., lack of effective communication channel between cargo owners and various service providers, low coordination efficiency between different service providers etc. Aiming at these problems, a BIRIS based marine logistics service platform is designed. TO-BE business scenario, SOA techniques for developing such platform, and some examples of identifying services, designing service interfaces and designing portal for each service provider, are elaborately shown.     

两种优化训练的FNN在船舶柴油机故障诊断中的性能研究

本文针对船舶柴油机故障诊断系统,基于遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）和蚁群优化算法（ant colony optimization algorithm,ACOA）构造了2种优化训练的模糊神经网络（fuzzy neural network,FNN）智能故障诊断模式,给出了该模糊神经网络智能故障诊断系统的结构及其参数选取方法,通过对船舶柴油机燃烧子系统的FNN模型结构权值和阈值优化训练的故障诊断仿真研究,对两种方式的性能进行对比研究,仿真测试结果表明,基于ACOA的诊断模型具有更好的故障诊断知识表达准确性和较快的收敛速度等特点,具有较好的应用前景。     

一种水下足式机器人的设计方案研究

海洋蕴含着丰富的自然资源,对海洋资源的合理开发与运用可以极大的缓解能源短缺问题,但由于海洋的复杂环境所带来的资源开发难度也不容忽略;针对这系列问题,对一种新型水下航行器进行研究,开展了水下足式机器人的总体设计分析,并通过三维建模对机器人进行结构设计;利用ANSYS对机器人关键运动部件进行应力分析,对机器人的设计进行完善;利用FLUENT软件进行流体模拟仿真,计算得到机器人腿部在水下运动时的受力特性;使用Adams软件对机器人的运动进行动力学仿真,计算机器人腿部扭矩输出特性;结合仿真结果对机器人的硬件系统进行选型,完成水下足式机器人的总体设计。