针织服装样板排料方法的探讨

文中简要介绍了针织服装样板排料的几种方法，以节省用料，提高坯布利用率。     

一株酿酒酵母的特征区域序列扩增标记

以23株不同来源的酿酒酵母为研究对象,分别提取基因组DNA,试用50条随机引物对其进行随机扩增多态性DNA分析,筛选到两条具有菌株鉴别能力的随机引物。P09可以从2.412,ST—01,SK—26,ZD—01四株酿酒酵母基因组DNA中扩增出长度为433bp的Sc—433片断Sc—433;P46可以从2.1882,ST—01,NJ—02三株酿酒酵母基因组DNA中扩增出长度为665bp的Sc—665片断,其中仅有目的菌株ST—01能稳定的扩增出这2个标记。把这2个片断分别克隆到pUCmT质粒载体中,经过酶切鉴定后测序,根据序列设计特异性引物,把RAPD标记转化为特征区域序列扩增标记,为酿酒酵母菌株的分子鉴别提供了新的借鉴。     

IpO: plasmids and methods for simplified,PCR‐based DNA transplant in yeast

Many yeast experiments require strains modified by recombinant DNA methods. Some experiments require precise insertion of a DNA segment into the genome without a selectable marker remaining. For these applications, we developed a new PCR‐based method for marker‐free DNA transplant. The current PCR‐based method requires the labour‐intensive construction of a PCR template plasmid with repeats of the DNA segment flanking URA3. The design of a new vector, IpO, reduces the work in cloning a single copy of the DNA segment between overlapping URA3 fragments present in the vector. Two PCRs are performed that capture the DNA segment and one or the other URA3 fragment. When the PCR products are co‐transformed into yeast, recombination between the overlapping URA3 fragments restores URA3 and transposes the cloned DNA segment inside out, creating a repeat‐URA3‐repeat cassette. Sequences designed into the PCR primers target integration of the cassette into the genome. Subsequent selection with 5‐fluoro‐orotic acid yields strains that have 'popped out' URA3 via recombination between the DNA repeats, with the result being the precise insertion of the DNA segment minus the selectable marker. An additional advantage of the IpO method is that it eliminates PCR artifacts that can plague the current method's repeat‐containing templates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Set of Novel Microsatellite Markers Developed for a Distylous Species Luculia gratissima (Rubiaceae)

Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet (Rubiaceae) is a perennial shrub distributed in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau in southwest China and adjacent region of Nepal and Myanmar. The plant is a distylous species with reciprocally placed stigmas and anthers in each floral morph. By using the Fast Isolation by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) of Sequences Containing (FIASCO) repeats protocol, 19 primer sets were identified in two wild populations. Of these primers, 10 displayed polymorphisms and nine were monomorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five, values for observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.289 to 0.760, with averages of 0.303 and 0.555, respectively. These microsatellite loci will facilitate further studies on breeding system, gene flow patterns, and population structure of L. gratissima and its allied species.     

Comparison between Wild and Hatchery Populations of Korean Pen Shell (Atrina pectinata) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers

Pen shell (Atrina pectinata) is a popular food source with a high commercial value in a number of Asian Pacific areas. The natural A. pectinata population has been declining continuously over the past several decades. Microsatellite DNA markers are a useful DNA-based tool for monitoring the genetic variation of pen shell populations. In this study, 20 polymorphic microsatellite (MS) DNA markers were identified from a partial genomic pen shell DNA library enriched in CA repeats, and used to compare allelic variation between wild and hatchery pen shell populations in Korea. A total of 438 alleles were detected at the 20 MS loci in the two populations. All loci were easily amplified and demonstrated allelic variability, with the number of alleles ranging from 5 to 35 in the wild population and from 5 to 22 in the farmed population. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.69 and 0.82, respectively, in the hatchery samples and 0.69 and 0.83, respectively, in the wild samples. Statistical analysis of fixation index (F(ST)) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed minor, but significant, genetic differences between the wild and hatchery populations (F(ST) = 0.0106, CI(95%) = 0.003-0.017). These microsatellite loci may be valuable for future aquaculture and population genetic studies for developing conservation and management plans. Further studies with additional pen shell samples are needed to conclusively determine the genetic diversity between the wild and hatchery populations.     

Novel Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci for the Korean Black Scraper (Thamnaconus modestus), and Their Application to the Genetic Characterization of Wild and Farmed Populations

In this study, we developed 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Korean black scraper, Thamnaconus modestus (Günther, 1877), Monacanthidae, and used them to compare allelic variation between wild and hatchery populations in Korea. All loci were readily amplified and demonstrated allelic variability, with the number of alleles ranging from 5-35 in the wild population and 5-22 in the farmed population. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated, respectively, as 0.74 and 0.80 in the hatchery samples and 0.78 and 0.81 in the wild ones. These results indicate lower genetic variability in the hatchery population than in the wild population and minor, but significant, genetic differentiation between the two populations (F(ST) = 0.005, P < 0.01). Additionally, cross-amplification was tested in another monacanthid species, Stephanolepis cirrhifer; many loci were found that yielded useful information. The high degree of polymorphism exhibited by the 20 microsatellites will be useful in future aquaculture and population genetic studies for developing conservation and management plans.     

Genetic and epigenetic traits as biomarkers in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a major health burden, and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. The steady improvements in surgery and chemotherapy have improved survival, but the ability to identify high- and low-risk patients is still somewhat poor. Molecular biology has, over the years, given insight into basic principles of colorectal cancer initiation and development. These findings include aberrations increasing risk of tumor development, genetic changes associated with the stepwise progression of the disease, and errors predicting response to a specific treatment. Potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer are extensively studied, and how the molecular aberrations relate to clinical features. Yet, little of this knowledge has been possible to transfer into clinical practice. In this review, an overview of colorectal cancer genetics will be given, as well as how aberrations found in this tumor type are proposed as biomarkers for risk prediction, as diagnostic tools, for prognosis or prediction of treatment outcome.     

Development and Application of SCAR Marker for the Detection of Papaya Seed Adulteration in Traded Black Pepper Powder

The present study reports the development of a specific, sensitive, and reproducible Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker to detect papaya seed powder adulteration in traded black pepper powder. A putative RAPD marker (449 bp) specific to papaya seed was identified, cloned, and sequenced to design the SCAR primers. This specific SCAR marker could detect the presence of papaya seed in all the analyzed simulated standards and in one of five branded market samples of black pepper powder tested. The analytical strategy being very simple could be used for large scale screening of powdered black pepper market samples intended for export and domestic uses.     

A new marker design for a robust marker tracking system against occlusions

Marker systems are a widely used optical tracking method that does not support occlusions. Thus, this paper proposes a new marker design to overcome the problem of marker occlusions. It is highly adaptable, because it can be used by any marker tracking system that uses its central area to codify the digital identification. Our proposal takes advantage of an untapped frame to place some textures that will be tracked during marker occlusion. In addition, these textures are customizable, which lets users make their own designs. Two tracking methods are combined to offer a robust tracking, updating the six degrees of freedom of the camera in real time. The first one is a fast technique based on temporal coherence, whereas the second one is a robust technique based on appearance, which is used as a recovery mode. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

测井曲线对比在永乐煤矿报告中的应用

利用岩煤层的地球物理特征和测井曲线物性标志层,对煤田或勘探区进行测井曲线的综合对比,常被用于煤田地质报告,后对将来煤矿的生产有着重要的指导意义。