Detection and analysis of quantitative trait loci affecting production and secondary traits on chromosome 7 in Israeli Holsteins

A total of 5,459 Israeli Holstein cows, daughters of 11 sires, were genotyped for 29 microsatellites spanning chromosome 7 and analyzed by the daughter design for 9 economic traits: milk, fat, and protein yield, fat and protein percentage, somatic cell score, female fertility, herd life, and milk persistency. Quantitative trait loci at chromosome-wise 0.05 significance were obtained for fat and protein yield, fat percentage, somatic cell score, and female fertility. Peak F-values were obtained at 29 cM for fat and protein yield and fat percentage, at 60 cM for somatic cell score, at 74 cM for herd life, and at 11 cM for female fertility. The 0.95 confidence intervals for quantitative trait loci locations were 20 cM for kilograms of fat, 27 cM for fertility, and 51 cM for somatic cell score. Two loci affecting fertility at opposite ends of the chromosome are apparently segregating in the population. A quantitative trait locus for fertility near the centromere was confirmed by application of the modified granddaughter design to a single family. Estimated frequency of the economically favorable allele in the Israeli Holstein cattle was less than 0.5. Significant genetic gain for fertility seems possible by marker-assisted selection.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘府谷剖面中二叠统盒8段沉积相特征

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格东部地区中二叠统盒8段为主力产气层,厘清其沉积相特征对指导该地区的天然气勘探具有重要意义。鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘府谷剖面与苏里格东部地区具有相似的物源体系与沉积环境,通过对府谷剖面进行实测,结合剖面岩石颜色、岩石学特征、微量元素特征、岩相特征等相标志分析,对盒8段沉积相进行准确划分并明确其沉积特征,可以弥补苏里格东部地区盒8段研究大部分局限于钻井、地震等方面,缺乏露头沉积相支撑的不足。结果表明:府谷剖面盒8段以灰绿、黄绿色粗—中粒岩屑砂岩为主,结构成熟度中等—较低; 微量元素V/(V+Ni)值表明盒8段沉积时期为氧化—弱还原过渡环境; 共划分出12种岩相,其中,块状砾岩相(Gm)、槽状交错层理砂岩相(St)、板状交错层理砂岩相(Sp)、平行层理砂岩相(Sh)为河流沉积中的典型岩相,不同岩相组合构成盒8段沉积体两种不同的垂向沉积序列; 盒8_下段—盒8²_上段为辫状河沉积,盒8¹_上段为曲流河沉积; 辫状河的垂向沉积序列由滞留沉积(Gm-Gst-Gsp)→心滩(Gst-Sq-Sp-St-Gm-St)→河道充填(Gm-St-Sh-M)→废弃河道(Sh-Fr-Mh-Sh-Fr-Mh)→越岸沉积(Sh-Fr-Mh-Fr-Mh)→泛滥平原(M-Mh-Mc-Mh-M)等6类微相构成了一个二元结构不明显的正粒序沉积序列; 曲流河的垂向沉积序列由滞留沉积(Gm)→边滩(Sp-St-Sm-Sp-St-Sh)→河漫滩(M-Mh-Mc(Fr)-Mh-M)等3类微相构成了一个典型二元结构沉积序列。     

花生矮化病毒病抗性SSR标记

利用抗、感矮化病毒病的花生品种ICGV86699和远杂9102为亲本配制杂交组合,构建重组近交系群体（RIL）,采用SSR技术和BSA分析方法,结合F6各个家系接种病毒后ELISA的鉴定结果,得到1个与花生矮化病毒病抗性连锁的分子标记XY38。此标记与抗性基因间的遗传距离为7.5cM,具有作为抗性育种辅助选择技术的潜力。     

Association of TaD14-4D,a Gene Involved in Strigolactone Signaling,with Yield Contributing Traits in Wheat

Tillering is a crucial agronomic trait of wheat; it determines yield and plant architecture. Strigolactones (SLs) have been reported to inhibit plant branching. D14, a receptor of SLs, has been described to affect tillering in rice, yet it has seldomly been studied in wheat. In this study, three TaD14 homoeologous genes, TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D, were identified. TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D were constitutively expressed, and TaD14-4D had a higher expression level in most tissues. TaD14 proteins were localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. An SNP and a 22 bp insertion/deletion (Indel) at the exon regions of TaD14-4D were detected, forming three haplotypes, namely 4D-HapI, 4D-HapII, and 4D-HapIII. Due to the frameshift mutation in the coding region of 4D-HapII, the interaction of 4D-HapII with TaMAX2 and TaD53 was blocked, which led to the blocking of SL signal transduction. Based on the two variation sites, two molecular markers, namely dCAPS-250 and Indel-747, were developed. Association analysis suggested that haplotypes of TaD14-4D were associated with effective tillering number (ETN) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) simultaneously in four environments. The favorable haplotype 4D-HapIII underwent positive selection in global wheat breeding. This study provides insights into understanding the function of natural variations of TaD14-4D and develops two useful molecular markers for wheat breeding.     

利用非糖物质快速鉴别单花蜂蜜

本文利用非糖物质快速鉴别四种常见的单花蜂蜜(枸杞蜂蜜、荆条蜂蜜、枣花蜂蜜和洋槐蜂蜜)。利用固相萃取除糖提取蜂蜜非糖物质,并用高效液相色谱(HPLC)结合化学计量学进行蜂蜜花源的判定。发现了四种单花蜂蜜的非糖特征标志物。芦丁、丁香酸甲酯、阿魏酸的含量在四种蜂蜜中差异最大。对羟基苯甲酸和脱落酸在枸杞蜂蜜中平均含量分别为0.59μg/g和0.42μg/g,可作为枸杞蜂蜜的花源标志物;对香豆酸和肉桂酸在荆条蜂蜜中平均含量为0.08μg/g和0.05μg/g,可作为荆条蜂蜜的潜在花源标志物;阿魏酸、异阿魏酸是枣花蜂蜜的特征标志物,平均含量分别为0.40μg/g和0.76μg/g;洋槐蜂蜜的特征标志物是芦丁和丁香酸甲酯,平均含量为0.08μg/g和0.14μg/g。利用高效液相色谱指纹图谱结合化学计量学方法(主成分分析和判别分析),四种单花蜂蜜依据其花源被成功区分。本研究对蜂蜜真实性判定有重要参考价值,为后续蜂蜜真伪鉴别奠定基础。     

基于汉语复句的语义相关度计算及类别的标识

语义相关度计算作为中文信息处理领域中的一项关键技术,在信息检索、语义消岐、文本分类中起着重要的作用。利用汉语复句的句法理论和关系标记搭配理论,以汉语复句语料库以及搜索引擎获取的复句为语料,提出了一种基于汉语复句的语义相关度计算方法——SRCCS。本方法不仅能够计算词语的相关度,而且能够表明相关的性质与类别。与通过短文计算相关度的方法相比,本方法选取的计算对象范围更小,因而结果更准确,计算复杂度更低。在同一测试集上与搜索引擎方法的对比分析证明了基于汉语复句的语义相关度计算方法的有效性与优越性。     

长江中下游地区6个克氏原螯虾群体遗传多样性分析

为探讨长江中下游地区克氏原螯虾群体遗传多样性,使用AFLP标记,用5个EcoRI—MseI引物从6个群体139个个体中共扩增出129个位点,其中多态性位点为89,占68．99％,通过NTSYSpc软件对统计的I／O矩阵进行分析。结果表明：在群体水平上,洪泽湖显示了最大的遗传多样性,多态位点比例为75．74％,有效等位基因数为1．4181,Nei’S遗传多样性指数为0．5829,Shannon多样性信息指数为0．441;群体问发生了较高程度的遗传分化,6个群体问的遗传分化系数为0．4186,群体的遗传变异91．20％来源于群体内,8．80％来源于群体间,遗传变异主要存在于群体内,群体内的遗传分化大于群体间的分化;6个克氏原螯虾群体可以分为3组,而鄱阳湖群体在这3组中均有分布。     

也谈“再说”

现代汉语中,＂再说＂有跨层组合、动词和连词三种身份。考察＂再说＂的共时差异,认为连词＂再说＂正在向证据补充型话语标记演变;然后,从＂再说＂的历史演变角度对其某些共时差异作出解释。用历史上的话题转接标记＂再说＂的形成来旁证连词＂再说＂,是从作为元语言的跨层组合＂再说＂词汇化而来。