Deformation characteristics of the intermetallic alloy 60NiTi

The deformation behavior of a Ni-rich Ni₅₅Ti₄₅ (at.%) alloy, commonly known as 60NiTi (as designated in wt.%), was analyzed using neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction during in situ isothermal tension and compression loading, and pre and post-test electron microscopy. The alloy was shown to exhibit remarkable strength and high hardness resulting from a high density of fine Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates (size ∼67 nm), which were uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix after a solution treatment and oil quench. The precipitate volume fraction was 55 ± 3%, determined from both the neutron Rietveld refinement and conventional x-ray measurements. Non-linear stress-strain behavior was observed in tension (but not in compression) and was attributed to reversible stress-induced martensite (SIM) that forms to accommodate the stress as revealed by neutron diffraction measurements. The tensile and compressive neutron data also showed peak broadening and residual lattice strains. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed stress-induced coarsening of Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates in both tension and compression tested samples, but precipitation and growth of the stable Ni₃Ti phase was observed only after tensile testing. Finally, the potential ramifications of these microstructural changes are discussed.     

The dependence of fatigue crack growth on hydrogen in warm-rolled 316 austenitic stainless steel

The fatigue crack growth rate of warm-rolled AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel was investigated by controlling rolling strain and temperature in argon and hydrogen gas atmospheres. The fatigue crack growth rates of warm-rolled 316 specimens tested in hydrogen decreased with increasing rolling temperature, especially 400 °C. By controlling the deformation temperature and strain, the influences of microstructure (including dislocation structure, deformation twins and α′ martensite) and its evolution on hydrogen-induced degradation of mechanical properties were separately discussed. Deformation twins deceased and dislocations became more uniform with the increase in rolling temperature, inhibiting the formation of dynamic α′ martensite during the crack propagation. In the cold-rolled 316 specimens, deformation twins accelerated hydrogen-induced crack growth due to the α′ martensitic transformation at the crack tip. In the warm-rolled specimens, the formation of α′ martensite around the crack tip was completely inhibited, which greatly reduced the fatigue crack growth rate in hydrogen atmosphere.     

Effects of Cr on stacking-fault energy and damping capacity of FeMn

Effects of Cr on the stacking-fault energy (SFE) and damping capacity were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The effect of Cr on SFE was thermodynamically calculated; the damping capacity, phase composition, microstructure and corrosion resistance were experimentally measured. The results showed that Cr increases the SFE of Fe17MnxCr which resulted in the decay of damping capacity; the increase in α’ martensite with the increasing Cr content above 6% pins the movement of Shockley partials’ dislocation and thus makes the damping capacity even worse; the optimum Cr content of Fe17MnxCr to improve the corrosion resistance in water vapour with a lesser decrease in damping capacity is about 6%.     

Fine structure characterization of martensite/austenite constituent in low‐carbon low‐alloy steel by transmission electron forward scatter diffraction

Transmission electron forward scatter diffraction and other characterization techniques were used to investigate the fine structure and the variant relationship of the martensite/austenite (M/A) constituent of the granular bainite in low‐carbon low‐alloy steel. The results demonstrated that the M/A constituents were distributed in clusters throughout the bainitic ferrite. Lath martensite was the main component of the M/A constituent, where the relationship between the martensite variants was consistent with the Nishiyama–Wassermann orientation relationship and only three variants were found in the M/A constituent, suggesting that the variants had formed in the M/A constituent according to a specific mechanism. Furthermore, the Σ3 boundaries in the M/A constituent were much longer than their counterparts in the bainitic ferrite region. The results indicate that transmission electron forward scatter diffraction is an effective method of crystallographic analysis for nanolaths in M/A constituents.     

C-Mn-Ni高强钢的连续冷却相变研究

采用Formastor-FII相变仪和MMS-300热模拟实验机,研究了低锰、中锰钢在不同开冷温度及不同变形量条件下的连续冷却相变,建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了贝氏体及马氏体的相变规律。结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,低锰钢依次经过粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体及马氏体相区,中锰钢只经过马氏体相区,在较宽的冷却速率范围内,均可获得马氏体组织;随着开冷温度的降低或冷却速率的提高,低锰钢的贝氏体相变开始温度和中锰钢的马氏体相变开始温度均有所降低;随着冷却速率的增加及开冷温度的升高,实验钢的显微硬度值均有所升高;变形促进了低锰钢粒状贝氏体相变,其显微硬度值降低,变形细化了中锰钢马氏体组织,其显微硬度值升高。     

Q-I-Q-T工艺对60Si2CrVA钢断裂韧性的影响

研究60Si2CrVA弹簧钢经淬火-等温-淬火-回火(Q-I-Q-T)热处理后复相组织含量与断裂韧性间的关系。结果表明,在实验的等温温度范围内,随着等温温度的升高,残余奥氏体和贝氏体含量逐渐增大,60Si2CrVA钢强度降低,断裂韧性逐渐增加,在300℃等温时,断裂韧性达到最大值66.37 MPa.m1/2。稳定的残留奥氏体与过渡形态贝氏体量增加是提高断裂韧性的主要原因。     

超高强韧油井管合金设计与高强韧机制

 为了揭示1 000 MPa级低碳加铌钒钛微合金钢的高强韧机制,研究了S1(w(C)=0.09%)与S2(w(C)=0.17%)两种合金成分的油井管钢成分-工艺-组织-性能关系。试验表明,两种成分试验钢经水淬后的组织分别为板条贝氏体加少量马氏体和马氏体加少量贝氏体的复相组织。两种成分钢经过450~600 ℃、30 min的中温回火后,组织中均出现碳化物析出,且S1试验钢回火后的屈服强度基本不变,抗拉强度下降了约70 MPa,S2试验钢回火后的屈服强度与抗拉强度迅速升高170 MPa左右。溶度积公式的计算结果表明,两种钢的水淬组织中铌、钛元素析出彻底且析出物的体积分数都很小,因此回火铁素体基体中的VC析出强化对S1试验钢回火后屈服强度保持不变以及S2试验钢回火后屈服、抗拉强度提高起到重要作用。     

淬火温度对TC16钛合金显微组织及变形行为的影响

采用XRD,SEM和TEM研究了TC16钛合金在700-900℃固溶后淬火的显微组织和相组成,以及淬火温度对拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,在700和750℃淬火,TC16钛合金由初生α相、亚稳β相和微量ω相组成;随着淬火温度的升高,合金出现了β→α″的马氏体相变;从β单相区淬火,合金由α″马氏体组成.拉伸实验表明,拉伸过程...