Cr12钢等温淬火马氏体-贝氏体复合组织的力学性能

Cr12钢经980℃奥氏体化后，于280℃硝盐中等温不同时间获得不同比例的马氏体一贝氏体复合组织，测定了其力学性能．并与常规淬火回火后的力学性能进行了比较。结果表明：具有马氏体-贝氏体复合组织Cr12钢与常规淬火回火的回火马氏体组织相比，除硬度有所降低外，抗弯强度、挠度、冲击韧度及耐磨性均有较大幅度的提高。经980℃加热、280℃等温5h、180℃回火后，Cr12钢具有最佳的综合力学性能。     

淬火-配分处理对二次淬火时钢中残留奥氏体分解转变的影响

对0.26C-1.72Si-1.56Mn钢进行了不同碳配分时间的淬火-配分(Q-P)处理,并研究了其组织,特别是二次淬火中奥氏体的分解转变。结果表明:Q-P处理后都形成了板条马氏体+二次淬火组织,且二次淬火组织中都存在孪晶马氏体;碳配分时间在10~300 s范围内,Q-P处理后残留奥氏体中的C含量均高于1.0wt%,残留奥氏体的含量不低于11%(体积分数),有利于钢韧性的改善;初次淬火后未转变奥氏体的形态和尺寸是影响其稳定性的关键因素,初次马氏体板条界膜状奥氏体容易形成残留奥氏体;相对于块状未转变奥氏体,条状未转变奥氏体容易形成二次淬火马氏体及片状残留奥氏体。     

Strain mapping of crack extension in pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloys during static loading

Crack extension in pseudoelastic binary NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) compact tension (CT) specimens was examined during static loading. The material composition of 50.7 at.% Ni (austenitic, pseudoelastic) was investigated using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A miniature CT specimen was developed, which is small enough to allow in situ testing in a synchrotron beam line to identify phases, textures and lattice strains in front of a crack tip. Stress-induced martensite in pseudoelastic NiTi SMAs was mapped in front of the crack of a CT specimen during static loading using synchrotron radiation. The phase volume fraction and lattice microstrain results are discussed and compared with results from thermographic measurements. The Poisson effect is observed by comparing the lattice strains in the loading direction and transverse to the loading direction.     

Evolution of lattice strain and phase transformation of β III Ti alloy during room temperature cyclic tension

An in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction cyclic tension test was carried out on a β III Ti alloy to study its micromechanical behavior and the stress-induced phase transformation. Pre-strained material showed a microscopic multi-stage re-loading behavior following the sequence of elastic deformation, stress-induced martensite (SIM) transformation, a second stage of elastic deformation followed by a final stage of SIM transformation. Based on the relationship of internal strains and diffraction intensities between the β phase and the SIM, it is concluded that after a small strain deformation, the austenite is divided into two different sets of grains with different properties. Those that previously experienced phase transformation have a lower critical stress for the SIM transformation due to residual martensite and dislocations, while the rest have a higher trigger stress and only transform to martensite after the stress is back to levels comparable to where transformation was seen in the previous cycle. The different properties within the same austenite grain family cause the multistage re-loading behavior. The reverse phase transformation during unloading was impeded by the combination of increased dislocation density in the austenite and the increased tensile strain in the martensite prior to unloading.     

Strain-induced martensitic transformation in stainless steels: A three-dimensional phase-field study

A three-dimensional elastoplastic phase-field model is developed to study the microstructure evolution during strain-induced martensitic transformation in stainless steels under different stress states. The model also incorporates linear isotropic strain hardening. The input simulation data is acquired from different sources, such as CALPHAD, ab initio calculations and experimental measurements. The results indicate that certain stress states, namely uniaxial tensile, biaxial compressive and shear strain loadings, lead to single variant formation in the entire grain, whereas others, such as uniaxial compressive, biaxial tensile and triaxial strain loadings, lead to multivariant microstructure formation. The effects of stress states, strain rate as well as temperature on the mechanical behavior of steels are also studied. The material exhibits different yield stresses and hardening behavior under different stress states. The equivalent stress is higher at low strain rate, whereas a higher elongation is obtained at high strain rate. The deformation temperature mainly affects the hardening behavior of the material as well as the transformation, i.e. martensite volume fraction decreases with increasing temperature. Some of the typical characteristics of strain-induced martensite, such as the formation of thin elongated martensite laths, shear band formation and nucleation of martensite in highly plasticized areas, as well as at shear band intersections, are also observed.     

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the wear resistance of hardfacing martensitic steel deposits

The effect of different post-weld heat treatments on the microstructure and wear resistance of martensitic deposits were studied. The deposit was welded using a metal-cored tubular wire, in the flat welding position, on a 375 × 75 × 19 mm SAE 1010 plate, using 98% Ar–2% CO₂ shielding gas mixture and with an average heat input of 2.8 kJ/mm. The samples were heat treated at temperatures between 500 and 680°C for 2 h. Chemical composition, Vicker's microhardness and wear properties with AMSLER tests in a sliding condition were determined. In the as welded condition, the microstructure was principally composed of martensite and retained austenite. Significant variations in wear resistance and hardness were measured for different tempering temperatures. For the different heat-treated conditions, it was observed that the decomposition of retained austenite to martensite and carbide precipitation was associated with the tempering of martensite. A secondary hardness effect was detected with maximum hardness of 710 HV for 550°C heat treatment temperature. The best performance in wear test was obtained for this condition. Wear rates for the different conditions were obtained and mathematical expressions were developed. For each case, wear mechanisms were analyzed.     

冷轧双相钢显微组织检测与分析

使用光学显微镜在冷轧双相钢的显微组织检测过程中发现传统的彩色金相技术在显微组织辨识上仍然存在困难,特别是除铁素体和马氏体外还含有贝氏体或残余奥氏体相的双相钢;同时在对第二相面积含量的测量中也存在困惑和困难,彩色金相腐蚀和硝酸酒精腐蚀下的第二相面积含量在不同的腐蚀方法下也存在差异,部分试样只能显示或完成马氏体含量的测量。为解决这些问题,通过扫描电镜、光学显微镜及彩色金相腐蚀技术对含有复杂形态的冷轧双相钢组织形态进行了分析,并辅助多种腐蚀剂对显微组织进行了定性和定量的测量工作。     

5CrNiMoV钢马氏体相变塑性和应力对其相变动力学的影响

利用DIL-805ADT动态相变膨胀仪测定了5CrNiMoV钢在低于奥氏体屈服强度的应力下的马氏体相变膨胀曲线,根据膨胀曲线分析并计算出了不同应力下Greenwood-Johnson相变塑性机制中的相变塑性系数k值和Koistinen-Marburger马氏体相变动力学模型中α和Ms的值,并且将Greenwood-Johnson模型和Leblond模型计算结果与实际试验值对比。结果显示:k值随应力的变化有所波动,但趋近于一个定值;通过对比,Leblond模型更符合试验结果;Ms点随着应力的增大呈现微小的上升趋势,说明小于或等于80 MPa 的应力对Ms点的影响不显著;拉应力下α值普遍大于无应力下的α值,压应力下α值普遍小于无应力下的α值,说明拉应力对相变有一定的促进作用,压应力对相变有一定的阻碍作用。     

DP980高强钢连续退火后的组织与性能

研究了不同工艺参数对980 MPa级连续退火双相钢组织及力学性能的影响,利用光学显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)以及拉伸试验对双相钢的微观组织和力学性能进行测试及分析。结果表明:DP980钢的退火组织主要由铁素体、马氏体岛和少量的贝氏体组成,马氏体岛附近的位错密度较高。随着均热温度的升高,DP980钢的抗拉强度呈现先降低后升高的趋势,屈服强度与抗拉强度的趋势一致,伸长率先升高后降低。随着过时效温度的升高,DP980钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,降低幅度较小,伸长率上升,但变化不明显,说明通过调整过时效温度来调控其力学性能的作用较小。     

高品质热轧双相钢的开发

为了提高热轧双相钢的品质,研究了化学成分、轧制工艺、冷却工艺和不同季节水温等参数对热轧双相钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,无Si成分设计显著提高了热轧双相钢的表面质量;较低的终轧温度和中间保温温度有利于获得更为细小的铁素体组织和弥散的马氏体组织;低的卷取温度（280 ℃）可以获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织;冷却水水温的降低显著提高马氏体含量并提高双相钢的强度。基于上述研究,邯钢实现了系列热轧双相钢的稳定生产,双相钢制作的汽车车轮性能良好。