COVID-19, history,and humility

Amid the current COVID-19 crisis, everyone has been called upon to offer assistance. What can historians contribute? One obvious approach is to draw on our knowledge of the history of epidemics and proclaim the lessons of history. But does history offer clear lessons? To make their expertise relevant, some historians assert that there are enduring patterns in how societies respond to all epidemics that can inform our experiences today. Others argue that there are informative analogies between specific past epidemics and our present crisis, for instance between COVID-19 and prior outbreaks of SARS or influenza. Both strategies can be pursued, but each must be done with care. It is certainly possible to map COVID-19 onto the classic dramatic structure of an epidemic, but we cannot yet know how it will end, a failure of prognostication that constrains the advice we can offer. It is likewise possible to draw on the history of medical therapeutics and public health interventions to identify the risks we face of both underuse and overuse of our remedies, but we cannot yet judge whether our current commitment to heroic social distancing is warranted. While historians can offer insight, we must temper our contributions with humility.     

基于案例推理的中医诊疗专家系统

把基于案例推理技术用于中医诊疗专家系统的知识表示和推理。提出系统模型,介绍了案例推理的基本结构：案例提取网（easeretrievalnets）以及案例提取算法,对系统中案例的学习和修正机制进行了说明,并提出用基于案例的解释来生成诊断结果的解释性说明以及辅助构建基于案例的中医诊疗辅助教学系统。最后对系统的优点进行总结,并提出进一步研究发展方向。     

Chemical ecology of marine organisms: An overview

An overview of marine chemical ecology is presented. Emphasis is placed on antipredation, invertebrate-toxic host relationships, antifouling, competition for space, species dominance, and the chemistry of ecological interactions.     

一种新的边界检测方法及其在核医学图象定量分析中的应用

本文对过去若干种边界检测方法的实验对比基础上,并结合TL-201心肌灌注图象的处理,提出一种新的边界检测方法,即“改进的RS方法”。实验证明,该方法对噪声和干扰具有很高的抑制作用,并适合其它应用领域。迭代法计算边界重心,以及快速傅里叶变换边界优化,使该方法更为客观、可靠。由此方法所得到的边界,可满意地用于核医学图象的定量分析。     

安徽省医药及其中间体的现状与发展趋势

系统地阐述了世界药物及其中间体的最新动态和未来发展趋势,即重点发展他汀类、沙坦类药物,最具前景的中间体是含氟类中间体和手性中间体.对我省医药中间体及其生产企业的发展提出了建议.     

The two-way feedback and passing way of human body

The sensation of two-way feedback of body [1] is a special system of human reaction, which maintains and regulates symmetry and balance of human body. The human two-way feedback reacts to human health. For human health we must pay attention to the stimulations (passive acceptance and initiative interventions) and relevant influences in human body and the stimulative effect. In this paper, the experimental research of stimulation and an example of two-way feedback in human body are given. And lay a foundation of prevention, medical treatment and hygiene of human body.     

枸杞多糖的生物活性及作用机制研究进展

枸杞子是中国传统的中药材和食品补品,枸杞子中具有多种活性成分,如枸杞多糖、黄酮类化合物、生物碱、枸杞色素、氨基酸类等.大量研究表明,枸杞子中最具有提取利用价值的是枸杞多糖,其具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂、神经保护、生殖保护、保肝、护眼、免疫调节等作用.本文系统总结了近年来关于枸杞多糖生物活性及作用机...     

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun cerium-doped bioactive glass/chitosan/polyethylene oxide composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

In this study, a series of electrospun chitosan/polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibrous scaffolds containing different amount of cerium-doped bioactive glasses (Ce-BGs) have been fabricated and proposed for tissue engineering applications. On a biological level, higher 8Ce-BG content significantly improved cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. Moreover, results of fibroblast cell culture study showed that greater 8Ce-BG content could enhance cell attachment and cell expansion on fiber mesh. Characterization of the scaffolds revealed that increasing 8Ce-BG content caused bioactive glass nanoparticles to agglomerate at a higher rate. The SEM mapping revealed thorough dispersion of submicrometric clusters in all areas of the polymeric matrix. Contact angle measurements showed that increasing 8Ce-BG/CH ratio from 0 to 10 (wt.%) improved wettability of the scaffold significantly. However, by increasing the ratio beyond 10 (wt.%), the wettability values decreased gradually. In conclusion, it was found that increasing 8Ce-BG/CH weight ratio up to 40 (wt.%) in the scaffold system was practical and useful for soft tissue engineering applications.     

Asthma in the Precision Medicine Era: Biologics and Probiotics

Asthma is a major global health issue. Over 300 million people worldwide suffer from this chronic inflammatory airway disease. Typical clinical symptoms of asthma are characterized by a recurrent wheezy cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. The main goals of asthma management are to alleviate asthma symptoms, reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations, and minimize long-term medicinal adverse effects. However, currently available type 2 T helper cells (Th2)-directed treatments are often ineffective due to the heterogeneity of the asthma subgroups, which manifests clinically with variable and poor treatment responses. Personalized precision therapy of asthma according to individualized clinical characteristics (phenotype) and laboratory biomarkers (endotype) is the future prospect. This mini review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma pathogenesis, including the hot sought-after topic of microbiota, add-on therapies and the potential application of probiotics in the management of asthma.     

The Effect of Space Travel on Bone Metabolism: Considerations on Today’s Major Challenges and Advances in Pharmacology

Microgravity-induced bone loss is currently a significant and unresolved health risk for space travelers, as it raises the likelihood for irreversible changes that weaken skeletal integrity and the incremental onset of fracture injuries and renal stone formation. Another issue related to bone tissue homeostasis in microgravity is its capacity to regenerate following fractures due to weakening of the tissue and accidental events during the accomplishment of particularly dangerous tasks. Today, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures to this problem have been proposed, including physical exercise, diet supplements and administration of antiresorptive or anabolic drugs. However, each class of pharmacological agents presents several limitations as their prolonged and repeated employment is not exempt from the onset of serious side effects, which limit their use within a well-defined range of time. In this review, we will focus on the various countermeasures currently in place or proposed to address bone loss in conditions of microgravity, analyzing in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each option from a pharmacological point of view. Finally, we take stock of the situation in the currently available literature concerning bone loss and fracture healing processes. We try to understand which are the critical points and challenges that need to be addressed to reach innovative and targeted therapies to be used both in space missions and on Earth.