Immobilized lipase-catalyzed production of structured lipids with eicosapentaenoic acid at specific positions

Structured lipids (SL) were synthesized by the interesterification reaction between medium-chain triacylglycerols and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester. The products were partially purified, and the fatty acid at thesn-2 position was determined after pancreatic lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis. The effect of additives (water and glycerol) on the rate of reaction was also investigated. Mol% EPA incorporated into the triacylglycerols was increased by adding water when trilaurin and tricaprylin were the substrates and IM 60 was the biocatalyst. With SP 435, EPA incorporation was always less with additional water than without water. The addition of glycerol (0.005 g or 0.01 g) improved interesterification catalyzed by IM 60 to some degree, but an excess amount (0.02 g) inhibited the reaction. The reaction with glycerol showed no significant difference with SP 435. After scale-up and fractionation by column chromatography, we could recover approximately 0.3–0.4 g of product/g of reaction products. After hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase, we can conclude that IM 60 has a high specificity forsn-1,3 positions. With SP 435 lipase, 34.8–39.3 mol% of EPA was found at thesn-2 position of the recovered SL.     

Modeling,analysis and optimization of calibration uncertainty in clinical laboratories

Uncertainty in the calibration of a clinical laboratory measurement process has a significant effect on the uncertainty of the measurement result. We develop a mathematical model of the analytical stage of the measurement of serum triglyceride concentration in the clinical laboratory, and use the Monte Carlo method to estimate the net uncertainty associated with this model. We then use the model to study the effect of instrument calibration on the uncertainty of the laboratory measurement result. The effect of the correlation between the parameters of the linear calibration function on the measurement result is quantified using the model. In addition, the effect of the choice of calibrator concentration levels on the measurement result distribution is studied using the model, by studying the effect of the value or the position of the calibrator concentration, and the difference or the distance between calibrator concentrations, on the uncertainty of the measurement result.     

Enzymatic glycerolysis of soybean oil

Enzymatic glycerolysis of soybean oil was studied. Of the nine lipases that were tested in the initial screening, Pseudomonas sp. resulted in the highest yield of monoglycerides. Lipase from Pseudomonas sp. was further studied for the influence of temperature, thermal stability, enzyme/oil ratio, and glycerol/oil ratio. A full factorial optimization approach was performed. The following conditions were tested over the specified ranges: temperature (30–70°C), thermal stability (30–70°C), enzyme/oil ratio (0.05–0.2 g enzyme/10 g oil), glycerol/oil ratio (1:1–3:1 glycerol/oil molar ratio) and 1 h reaction time. The stability of the enzyme at the reaction temperature was also incorporated as a separate variable. At temperatures above 40°C enzyme denaturation offset the higher activity. The optimal conditions were selected to be the basis for a continuous process: 40°C, a glycerol/oil molar ratio of 2:1, and an enzyme/oil ratio of 0.1 g enzyme/10 g oil. A definition for glycerolysis activity was adopted. The glycerolysis activity (1 GU) was defined as the amount of enzyme necessary to consume 1 μmol of substrate (glycerol and oil) per minute. This research is intended to explore the reaction parameters that are important in a continuous enzymatic glycerolysis process.     

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定中链甘油三酸酯中铜、铅、铬、镍、锡

为满足国家药品安全的限量要求,采用微波消解法对中链甘油三酸酯（MCT）进行前处理,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定MCT中痕量有害元素铜、铅、铬、镍、锡的方法,并对测定条件进行了优化。结果表明：各元素在0～30 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r在0.999 4～0.999 9之间,方法检出限为0.013～0.057 μg/kg,相对标准偏差为1.2%～6.7%;对各元素进行3个不同浓度水平下的加标回收率实验,平均回收率为94.0%～110.0%。使用该方法测定国家标准物质鸡肉GBW10018中的痕量有害元素,测定结果与标准值无显著差异。     

Br?nsted酸性离子液体催化合成辛酸甘油酯的研究

以双磺基的Brnsted酸性离子液体1-磺酸丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐[MIm(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4)]催化辛酸与甘油酯化合成低热量的中碳链三酰甘油,研究了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间对酯化反应的影响,在最优条件下考查了工艺稳定性及催化剂重复使用性能。结果表明,[MIm(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]具有较高的酯化催化活性和重复使用性能。优化的合成辛酸甘油酯的工艺条件为:辛酸甘油物质的量比为3.5∶1,催化剂用量为底物质量的1%,反应温度160℃,反应时间6 h。在此条件下,酯化率达85%,三酰甘油质量分数达到80%。催化剂重复使用5次,仍保持90%的催化活性。     

胰脂肪酶催化樟树籽仁油和甘油合成中碳链单甘油酯

采用胰脂肪酶催化樟树籽仁油与甘油反应合成中碳链单甘油酯,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了反应时间、加酶量、醇油摩尔比、反应初始加水量、反应温度对产物中中碳链单甘油酯含量的影响。结果表明,胰脂肪酶催化樟树籽仁油(10 mL)与甘油反应合成中碳链单甘油酯的适宜条件为:反应温度47℃,加酶量220 mg,醇油摩尔比4.3∶1,反应初始加水量35μL,反应时间30 h。在此反应条件下,产物中中碳链单甘油酯的含量为53.42%±0.05%。     

中链甘油三酯微胶囊的理化性质表征

从理化性质和感官指标上对实验制得的中链甘油三酯微胶囊产品进行评价。结果显示:制得的中链甘油三酯微胶囊产品,其气味纯正、无异味;颜色洁白;平均粒径为244.20 nm;颗粒均匀、呈圆球状,对芯材保护效果较好;水分含量为2.65%,溶解度为97.60%。差示扫描量热分析结果表明,中链甘油三酯微胶囊在温度低于90℃的加工中能够稳定存在。红外光谱分析证实,中链甘油三酯受微胶囊化的影响不大,能基本保留原有结构。     

副干酪乳杆菌HCS17-040的筛选鉴定及其益生特性

目的：获得具有降甘油三酯功能的乳酸菌菌株。方法：从母乳及顺产的健康婴儿粪便中筛选分离乳酸菌菌株,采用单试剂法乳酸菌（GPO-PAP法）测定其甘油三酯去除能力。从中选择甘油三酯去除能力强的菌株进行形态学鉴定、生理生化及16S rDNA鉴定,并测定其耐受酸、胆盐和胃肠液的能力。结果：筛选分离出一株副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）,命名为HCS17-040（CGMCC No 19747）,其甘油三酯下降率达（42.80±1.79）%;该株菌在pH 3.0和pH 2.0的环境中培养17 h后存活率分别为89.39%和87.18%;在3 g/L和5 g/L的胆盐浓度环境中培养17 h后存活率分别为94.75%,92.97%;在人工胃液中作用3 h,存活率为93.93%;在人工肠液中作用4 h,存活率高达99.06%。结论：副干酪乳杆菌HCS17-040对甘油三酯具有一定的去除能力,且具有良好的耐酸、胆盐及人工胃肠液的能力。     

Crystallization kinetics of emulsified triglycerides

Nucleation and crystal growth process of triglycerides in water emulsions composed of trimyristin (c l4:0) admixed with 0, 40, and 80 ml litre^?1 trilaurin (c 12:0) (expressed v per total v emulsion) were followed with NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Mathematical analysis of the time dependence of the phase changes and thermal data distinguished two distinct ‘apparent’ kinetic phases. These phases were tentatively referred to as nucleation and crystal growth. With 40 and 80 ml litre^?1 trilaurin (NMR data at 293 K) nucleation and crystal growth phases of trimyristin were simulated with zero order and second order rate expressions, respectively. Relative to these mixtures, pure trimyristin nucleation was delayed in the initial phase, but crystal growth occurred with fast homogeneous nucleation and slower growth in the second phase. Statistical analyses indicated that homogeneous nucleation similarly occurred when 40 or 80 ml litre^?1 trilaurin was admixed with trimyristin. NMR resolution made it possible to follow the crystallization phenomena in different locations of the crystallization vessel effectively in situ and undisturbed. Statistical analyses in this case revealed a significant trilaurin-location interaction confirming that the rate of nucleation processes was affected both by the concentration of trilaurin and the heat transfer properties of the sample and vessel. The time-location interactions were not significant, confirming the hypothesis that in the absence of tilaurin, zero order nucleation did not occur in the first phase.