The Effects of Water Extract of Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce on Insulin Resistance in 90% Pancreatectomized Rats

ABSTRACT: After administration of 0.3 g Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce (POD) per 1 kg body weight for 2 mo with a 40% fat diet, serum glucose levels decreased with POD in 90% pancreatectomized (Px) and sham-operated (Sham) rats, compared to placebo (P). Serum insulin concentrations were higher in Sham rats than Px rats. Additionally, compared to P, POD administration decreased serum insulin concentrations in Sham rats, but not in Px rats. Glucose disposal rates in peripheral tissues increased with POD in both Px and Sham rats. Glycogen deposits, GLUT4 contents, and fraction velocity of glycogen synthase in soleus muscle increased with POD administration in Px and Sham rats. In conclusion, POD ameliorates insulin resistance by enhancing glucose utilization in muscle.     

中链甘油三酯及其在食品工业中的应用

作为一种新型的功能性配料，中链甘油三酯具有广泛的工业用途。本文综述了国内外中链甘油三酯的研究进展，包括中链甘油三酯的理化性质、代谢特征和生理功能。最后还简要介绍了中链甘油三酯在食品工业中的应用。     

中链甘油三酯

对中链甘油三酯进行了初探，并对它的物理化学性质和生理功能特性进行讨论，提出了其在医药、饲料等各方面的应用，亦对它的制备及应用前景进行了论述。     

食用油中甘油三酯聚合物含量测定

氧化甘油三酯和甘油三酯聚合物含量同油脂氧化程度相关联,结合极性组分分离技术和高效体积排阻色谱技术,建立了食用油中甘油三酯聚合物含量测定方法,对天津市常见42种食用油中氧化甘油三酯和甘油三酯聚合物含量进行了测定,结果显示虽然甘油三酯聚合物平均含量接近(1.43%~1.85%),但不同类食用油中甘油三酯二聚物与寡聚物含量比相差较大,以此为基础通过进一步优化方法和扩大样品数据量,所建立的深度氧化劣质食用油鉴别方法,将具有良好的应用前景。     

Chemical composition of tobacco seeds (Nicotiana tabacum L) from Argentina

The lipid constituents, free fatty acids, triglycerides, sterol esters and free sterols of 11 cultivars of tobacco from Argentina were investigated by gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major components in all fractions studied. Sitosterol was the main component of the free sterol and sterol ester fractions. Oil and protein contents, as well as some physicochemical characteristics of the oils, are also reported.     

Extra‐virgin and refined olive oils decrease plasma triglyceride,moderately affect lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility and increase bone density in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to determine the health benefits of extra‐virgin and refined olive oils, which are high in mono‐unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyphenolic compounds using the pig as a model. Thirty‐two cross‐bred pigs were individually penned, allocated to one of four dietary treatments and fed ad libitum for 28 days. Two of the experimental diets consisted of a basal diet containing 12% tallow and either 7% sunflower oil (TSO) or 7% extra‐virgin olive oil (TEVO) on a w/w basis. The remaining diets contained 19% extra‐virgin olive oil (EVO) or 19% of refined olive oil (RO). On days 7, 14 and 28 fasted and 3‐h post‐prandial blood samples were taken. Body composition was measured at the beginning and end of the study using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Daily gain, feed intake and lean and fat deposition were not significantly different between the treatments. However, the daily increase in bone mineral density was higher in pigs fed diets containing olive oil (1.23 vs 2.54, 6.28, 5.20 mg cm^?2 per day for TSO, TEVO, EVO and RO, respectively, P = 0.050). Both fasting and non‐fasting plasma triglycerides were lower (P = 0.003) in pigs fed MUFA‐rich diets, while the cholesterol profile was not significantly different between the treatments. The results from in vitro copper‐induced lipid peroxidation, expressed in terms of conjugated dienes, showed that low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in postprandial serum from pigs fed olive oil were moderately more resistant to oxidative modification. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that both extra‐virgin and refined olive oils attenuate postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, moderately affect oxidation susceptibility and increase bone mineral density in growing pigs. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of CLA on the cellular lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis>

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in the presence of free CLA that was either a pure trans-10, cis-12 isomer, a pure cis-9, trans-11 isomer, or a 1∶1 mixture of the two, and the influence of these supplementations on the content and FA composition of the lipids in the yeast was determined. Neither the pure isomers nor their 1∶1 mixture influenced the growth of the yeast, but the trans-10, cis-12 isomer reduced the amount of cellular lipids by 40%. The reduction in total cellular lipids by the trans-10, cis-12 CLA was due to a reduction in TAG. Both of the isomers were incorporated into the yeast lipids, reaching a proportion of about 33% in TAG. With the incorporation of CLA, the yeast reduced the amount and desaturation of endogenously synthesized FA. These clear and pronounced isomer-specific effects of CLA on the yeast suggest that yeast might be a useful model to obtain a more comprehensive view of the mechanisms of the action of CLA on lipid metabolism.     

Composites from northern red oak (Quercus robur) leaves and plant oil‐based resins

Composite materials were successfully made out of plant oil‐based resin and northern red oak (Quercus robur) leaves collected in the fall. The viscosities of the bio‐based resins (MAESO and MAELO) were suited to high temperature resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) processing. The leaves have a waxy epidermal surface layer that needs to be dewaxed prior to use in a composite part. We used different treatments (such as benzene–ethanol, boiling water, and strong detergent) to dewax the leaves; all three methods seem to give good results; but boiling water and strong detergent were considered the best treatments for the dewaxing of leaves and boiling water was considered the greenest dewaxing method. The compatibility between the resin and the leaves was improved with a silane treatment which resulted in composites with higher mechanical stiffness than the resin itself. With 10 wt % leaves, we obtained an improvement in the composite modulus of about 14% from which we could estimate the leaf modulus at about 5.3 GPa. An alternative method to produce biocomposites from leaves without the need for silane treatments consists in carbonizing the leaves first at 215°C for 12 h, and then at 450°C for 1 h. The composites made with leaves and bioresins derived from functionalized triglycerides have the potential for use in high volume applications with low costs such as housing, construction, civil infrastructure, toys, and furniture. The use of leaves as a biocomposite filler has several advantages including (a) reduced cost, (b) improved properties of the resin, (c) composites with high bio content, (d) removal of a waste material with subsequent prevention of burning with attendant health hazards, and (e) interesting design aesthetics for interior and exterior decoration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013     

Applications of chromatographic techniques to evaluate enzymatic hydrolysis of oxidized and polymeric triglycerides by pancreatic lipase in vitro

With the aim of studying the susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of oxidized and polymeric triglycerides (TG) that are formed during frying, various chromatographic techniques were applied in combination, i.e., adsorption chromatography, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID). Polar fractions, isolated by adsorption chromatography from thermoxidized trilinolein as model system, and real used frying fats and oils, were analyzed by HPSEC before and after incubation with pancreatic lipase in vitro. Also, the influence of degradation level of used frying oils on hydrolysis of intact TG was investigated with the additional aid of TLC-FID. Results showed the high hydrolysis rate of oxidized TG monomers in contrast to the significant discrimination of pancreatic lipase against TG dimers and, particularly, TG polymers. On the other hand, hydrolysis of intact TG can be affected by the presence of dimers and polymers in abused frying oils.