On the investigation of the neurophysiological correlates of knowledge worker mental fatigue using the EEG signal

Technological trends and advances in automation have underscored the importance of task performance of certain jobs requiring mental functions such as information processing and decision analyses. Most experts agree that such work environments produce increased mental activities, with profound implications for mental fatigue and stress. Consequently, productivity measurement and improvement for white collar or ‘knowledge worker’ occupations remains a major challenge and concern. This investigation defines an experimental approach that examines the neurophysiological correlates of white collar worker mental fatigue using the EEG signal. A 6 h laboratory experiment was conducted to simulate work output. The methods of assessing fatigue employed were mental tests and physiological measurements. The experiment involved reading of standardized texts, finding solutions to arithmetic-logical problems and a combination of both task types. Two primary performance measures were obtained, work output and brain waves. Fast Fourier transform and correlation analyses are used to quantify the relationship between certain brain waves and mental fatigue. This research is a major step towards the development of a model that explores the relationship between mental fatigue and factors associated with output performance, optimal recuperation periods and related variables. Such a model would be useful in human reliability prediction based on task parameters and worker profiles.     

基于情感词典扩展技术的网络舆情倾向性分析

随着Web2.0时代的到来,网络已逐渐成为反映社会舆情的重要载体之一,网络舆情发现及网民的观点和倾向性挖掘也成为新的研究热点,但是目前尚无有效反应网民对热点事件或话题总体态度的舆情分析系统.本文针对网民关于话题评论简单、数目众多的特点,应用HowNet和NTUSD两种资源对现有情感词典进行扩展,建立了一个新的、具有倾向程度的情感词典.基于扩展的情感词典,开发了一个半自动化网络舆情分析系统.该系统能够为用户提供更加细致、准确的评论倾向性分析结果.     

情感词典构建综述

文本情感分析是近年来迅速兴起的一个研究课题,具有显著的研究价值和应用价值。情感词典的构建在情感分析任务中发挥着越来越重要的影响力。该文对情感词典构建的研究进展进行了总结。首先重点介绍了情感词典构建的研究现状,将其归纳为四种方法,即基于启发式规则的方法、基于图的方法、基于词对齐模型的方法以及基于表示学习的方法,并对每种方法进行介绍和分析;然后对一些常见的语料库、词典资源以及评测组织进行介绍;最后,对情感词典的构建进行了总结,并对发展趋势进行了展望。
     

PSO-GP中文文本情感分类方法研究

中文文本的情感倾向分析是网络舆情信息挖掘和分析的关键技术之一。提出了一种粒子群-高斯过程算法(PSO-GP)的中文文本情感倾向分类方法,采用粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm optimization,PSO)进行高斯过程(Gaussian Process)超参数的最优搜索,解决了传统高斯过程中共轭梯度法迭代次数难确定、对初值依赖性强和易陷入局部极小值等问题。首先采用多线程网络爬虫技术采集文本数据组成语料库,构建特定领域情感词典,然后通过情感词匹配选择最有效的特征,降低数据维度,并利用TF-IDF算法计算特征词的权重以生成特征向量。最终,将测试样本输入PSO-GP分类模型。实验结果表明,与传统GP方法相比,提出的改进高斯过程分类模型的分类准确率提高了近15%。     

Effects of electronic outlining on students' argumentative writing performance

This study examined the effect of electronic outlining on the quality of students' writing products and how outlining affects perceived mental effort during the writing task. Additionally, it was studied how students appropriate and appreciate an outline tool and whether they need explicit instruction in order to engage in planning. To answer these questions, the writing products and self‐report data from 34 tenth‐grade students of a Dutch pre‐university school were analysed. Students wrote two similar argumentative texts with or without an outline tool. Results show that electronic outlining improves the quality of students' argumentative texts and decreases mental effort. Answers to a retrospective questionnaire showed that a short instruction on the outline tool was sufficient for students to understand its working and that most students experienced the tool as beneficial. Finally, results indicate that without specific instruction on text planning, students hardly devote any time to this important aspect of writing.     

面向特定领域的理解型中文自动文摘系统

自动文摘是计算机通信网提供智能业务的关键技术之一．介绍了一个面向特定领域－神经网络学习算法的理解型中文自动文摘系统．与其他文摘系统相比,该系统首次采用了基于全信息模型的自然语言理解理论,通过设计义块组配的方法避开了传统的语法语义分析系统所遇到的各种难题,并通过语用信息制导,将语句理解与文摘信息提取直接相连,大大提高了理解的效率和文摘生成的速度．测试结果表明该系统的整套方法是行之有效的．     

浅谈心智模型与排序设计

本文根据认知心理学的相关理论,阐述了"心智模型"的概念,并基于心智模型的理性特征,分析讨论了传统图形设计、界面设计中遇到的视觉元素排序问题,以期为指示性的图形设计提供另一个与符号学不同的理性化的视角和依据。     

心理词库视角下词汇错误的认知分析

为了解二语学习者词汇使用的心理过程,利用心理词库的组织构建模型对英语作文文本中出现的错误分别从概念层、词目层和词位层做出认知分析.发现学习者受词汇近义关系使用的混乱及写作过程中的母语思维的影响,会造成概念层模糊;母语负迁移、教师归纳性受训迁移及泛化句法结构会引起词目层出现错误;英汉不同的正字法系统会造成词位层的拼写错误.最后认为应该加强学习者词汇的纵聚合和横组合的语义关系,完善其心理词库的语义网络,以提高词汇提取的准确性.     

Evaluation of a workplace technology for mental health assessment: A meaning-making process

This paper describes the results of a summative evaluation conducted to explore the usability and acceptability of an automated telephone-based technology, designed and developed as a screening tool for mental health disorders in the workplace. The system screens employees for symptoms and subsequently provides educational information and referrals to improve mental health and enhance productivity. The qualitative evaluation was a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 individuals who participated in the RCT and had used the system. A phenomenological theoretical framework was utilized to analyze the narrative data. Results indicated that participants had mostly positive experience with the system and perceived it as a confidential program that allowed them to reflect on their symptoms without inhibition, fear of judgment or embarrassment. We also learned that asking mere questions about mental health symptoms can be a positive, instructive and possibly a restorative experience. There is a likelihood that for many participants, exposure to questions about their emotional and mental distress validated their feelings about their symptoms and was sufficiently compelling to promote help-seeking behavior. This evaluation study demonstrates that computers can be utilized in the workplace as effective screening and educational tools to improve employees’ mental health.     

Effects of age,cognitive, and personal factors on PDA menu navigation performance

The present study examined the PDA menu navigation performance of younger and older adults. The research focus was directed to the understanding of the combination and interaction of user characteristics with PDA menu navigation performance. In order to detail individual factors that influence user's performance, users' age, spatial ability, verbal memory, the confidence to use technical devices and computer-expertise were studied and related to performance outcomes. Younger and older adults, experienced with the usage of different technical devices, but PDA novices, had to complete four common tasks in the digital diary of an emulated PDA and users' effectiveness and efficiency were surveyed. Even though the users of both age groups had a comparably high computer experience, participants had considerable difficulties to solve the PDA tasks successfully. Especially older adults were strongly disadvantaged when navigating through the PDA menu. Among the user characteristics which were revealed to be essential for performance, spatial abilities were the best predictor to explain PDA performance. In addition, an adequate mental representation of the PDA data structure was decisive for navigation performance, especially in the older adult group.