英语歧义现象的语言学阐释

在有关歧义现象大量研究的基础上，试图从语音学、词汇学、句法学和语用学等几方面对歧义现象进行阐释，以期读者对歧义现象有一个较全面和理性的认识，同时也提供了一些消除歧义的方法。     

Mental Health Services for Native Americans in the 21st Century United States.

As the population of American Indians and Alaska Natives continues to expand in the 21st century United States, an increasing number of professional psychologists will be called upon to provide culturally appropriate mental health services for Native American people and their communities. This article provides a general overview of contemporary tribal America before describing the legal, political, and institutional contexts for mental health service delivery administered through the federally sponsored Indian Health Service. Recommendations for mental health professionals who desire to avoid a subtle but profound Western cultural proselytization in their therapeutic service to Native clients and their communities are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using Hazard Functions to Assess Changes in Processing Capacity in an Attentional Cuing Paradigm.

Processing capacity-defined as the relative ability to perform mental work in a unit of time-is a critical construct in cognitive psychology and is central to theories of visual attention. The unambiguous use of the construct, experimentally and theoretically, has been hindered by both conceptual confusions and the use of measures that are at best only coarsely mapped to the construct. However, more than 25 years ago, J. T. Townsend and F. G. Ashby (1978) suggested that the hazard function on the response time (RT) distribution offered a number of conceptual advantages as a measure of capacity. The present study suggests that a set of statistical techniques, well-known outside the cognitive and perceptual literatures, offers the ability to perform hypothesis tests on RT-distribution hazard functions. These techniques are introduced, and their use is illustrated in application to data from the contingent attentional capture paradigm. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

软件工程中“Philippe”现象的分析

根据基于知识工人劳动性质的管理学特征分析和人的作业效率解析两方面,对“Philippe”现象产生的重要原因进行了探讨,并根据科学管理的基本逻辑考察了软件工程发展的科学管理逻辑轨迹,指出以内在效率为重的人本管理理念必须与科学管理强调外在效率的逻辑(通过过程控制管理目标)相结合,才能从作业和管理效率两方面支持软件工程在不断克服“软件危机”的基础上健康、持续发展。     

家庭因素对体育专业大学生心理健康的影响

采用SCL-90量表与问卷调查相结合的方法,对体育专业大学生心理健康状况进行调查,分析了家庭来源地、父母受教育程度、父母关系及家庭经济状况各因素对体育专业大学生心理健康的影响.发现父母关系状况对体育专业大学生心理健康有显著影响;经济状况不同对大学生人际关系产生影响.进一步调查发现不同经济来源对大学生心理产生不同影响,家庭来源地、父母受教育程度对体育专业大学生心理健康状况无显著性影响.     

体育教学中的心理健康教育

结合体育教学对学生心理健康教育进行了探讨,提出人体健康应是生理上、心理上的完好状态,心理健康教育不可忽视,把心理健康教育寓于体育教学之中,提高学生心理素质.     

准确定位,推进园林城市建设

营造良好的人居环境是社会发展的趋势和要求,而准确定位,使城市公园绿地与当地的历史、文化氛围相协调,更是今天人们寻求地方特色、追求多样性生活的内容之一。从公园绿地在城市现代化建设中的作用、园林城市的定位、以人为本营造宜人的人居环境等方面对创建园林城市中应注意的问题作了探讨。     

Development of an objective mental workload assessment tool based on Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework

It is important to monitor operators’ mental workload during the operation phase. Physiological measurement approaches could record the operator's mental data continuously, and might be less interruptive on the work activities. However, these methods often require the attachment of physical sensors, which are not unobtrusive in the physical sense. Furthermore, the individual difference makes calibrating to each individual tedious and requires trained persons to use. Often high noise-to-signal ratio data are hard to analyze. Due to these factors, physiological workload measurements are hardly widely applied in practical fields. In this study, an objective, non-intrusive and performance-based mental workload predictive model was proposed with high validity (R² = 0.51), which can be applied during the operation phrase. This model, developed based on the Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework, is comprised of two novel cognitive indices, the attention required index and uncertainty index. It can be used as the basis for establishing an early online warning system automatically. Furthermore, this model also predicts the types of error-prone tasks. This kind of information is expected to provide managers and supervisors with opportunities to intervene and improve tasks before error occurred. Finally, the predictive model proposed in this paper requires more practical application in fields to be completed.     

Comparison of opportunities to respond within a drill model when rehearsing sight words with a child with mental retardation.

Sight-word instruction can improve functioning with various daily, recreational, and work-related tasks among children with moderate to severe disabilities. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of drill methods to teach sight words if the model contains at least 50% known items, which would also increase the number of opportunities to respond (OTR) to the target item. The current study taught five sight words each day to a child diagnosed as moderately mentally retarded using high OTR and moderate OTR conditions and a drill ratio of 10% unknown to 90% known. Results suggested that the high OTR condition led to better retention than the moderate OTR despite containing an equal ratio of unknown to known items between them. Implications for practicing school psychologists and future research are included. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种新的基于统计的词典扩展方法

在建立统计语言模型时,往往会遇到词典的词汇量不够的问题。对于医学等专业领域的语料,这一问题尤为严重。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种新的基于统计的识别新词方法——右边缘扩展法。该方法对分词后的语料中产生的连续单字词进行关联范数估计,利用右边缘扩展的方法判断词的边界。在实验中,我们将右边缘扩展法与基于Witten-Bell back off方法的两两合并法相结合,循环地调整词典,优化语言模型。实验结果表明,该算法具有很高的识别正确率与检出率,可以有效地识别出语料中出现的新词汇,尤其是专业术语。