More on Goddard and the Kallikak family photographs.

Discusses retouching of the Kallikak family photographs in H. H. Goddard's (1912) study of mental retardation and heredity, with reference to analyses by R. E. Fancher (see record 1987-31600-001) and S. J. Gould (1981), and concurs with Fancher that the retouching was probably not done for deceitful purposes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈电子产品对儿童的影响及对策

在现代社会中,平板电脑、智能手机在人们日常生活的方方面面发挥着巨大的作用。通过分析电子产品在儿童和青少年的视力、身体发育、社交能力和学习能力等方面的负面影响,提出了加强亲子陪伴、合理引导控制等应对措施。     

统计分析及关联挖掘在大学生心理健康中的应用

为深入了解影响大学生心理健康的主要因素以及心理症状之间的关系,以某高校2011级的学生心理测试数据为基础,采用统计分析和关联规则挖掘两种方法,从性别、学生干部、独生子女、来源地、家庭结构、家庭月收入等方面进行了分析研究,根据研究结果为高校开展大学生心理健康教育的规划、决策提供依据．     

基于支持向量机的思维脑电信号特征分类研究

探索一种实用的基于想象运动思维脑电的脑-机接口(BCI)方式,为实现BCI应用奠定比较坚实的理论和实验基础。对6名受试者进行三种不同时段(箭头出现2s、1s和0s后提示按键)情况下想象左右手运动思维作业的信号采集实验,利用小波变换和支持向量机对实验数据进行离线处理。对三种情况下的延缓时间△t0、△t1和△t2分析发现:△t0与△t1和△t2之间都有显著性差别(p<0.05),而△t1与△t2之间没有显著差别(p>0.05);平均分类正确率分别达到68.00%、80.00%和56.67%(p<0.05);实际按键前0.5~1s左右,想象左右手运动的思维脑电特征信号都发生了明显改变。通过合理的实验设计获取的信号有助于识别正确率的提高,为BCI系统中思维任务的特征提取与识别分类提供了新思路和方法。     

On the investigation of the neurophysiological correlates of knowledge worker mental fatigue using the EEG signal

Technological trends and advances in automation have underscored the importance of task performance of certain jobs requiring mental functions such as information processing and decision analyses. Most experts agree that such work environments produce increased mental activities, with profound implications for mental fatigue and stress. Consequently, productivity measurement and improvement for white collar or ‘knowledge worker’ occupations remains a major challenge and concern. This investigation defines an experimental approach that examines the neurophysiological correlates of white collar worker mental fatigue using the EEG signal. A 6 h laboratory experiment was conducted to simulate work output. The methods of assessing fatigue employed were mental tests and physiological measurements. The experiment involved reading of standardized texts, finding solutions to arithmetic-logical problems and a combination of both task types. Two primary performance measures were obtained, work output and brain waves. Fast Fourier transform and correlation analyses are used to quantify the relationship between certain brain waves and mental fatigue. This research is a major step towards the development of a model that explores the relationship between mental fatigue and factors associated with output performance, optimal recuperation periods and related variables. Such a model would be useful in human reliability prediction based on task parameters and worker profiles.     

Effects of electronic outlining on students' argumentative writing performance

This study examined the effect of electronic outlining on the quality of students' writing products and how outlining affects perceived mental effort during the writing task. Additionally, it was studied how students appropriate and appreciate an outline tool and whether they need explicit instruction in order to engage in planning. To answer these questions, the writing products and self‐report data from 34 tenth‐grade students of a Dutch pre‐university school were analysed. Students wrote two similar argumentative texts with or without an outline tool. Results show that electronic outlining improves the quality of students' argumentative texts and decreases mental effort. Answers to a retrospective questionnaire showed that a short instruction on the outline tool was sufficient for students to understand its working and that most students experienced the tool as beneficial. Finally, results indicate that without specific instruction on text planning, students hardly devote any time to this important aspect of writing.     

浅谈心智模型与排序设计

本文根据认知心理学的相关理论,阐述了"心智模型"的概念,并基于心智模型的理性特征,分析讨论了传统图形设计、界面设计中遇到的视觉元素排序问题,以期为指示性的图形设计提供另一个与符号学不同的理性化的视角和依据。     

Evaluation of a workplace technology for mental health assessment: A meaning-making process

This paper describes the results of a summative evaluation conducted to explore the usability and acceptability of an automated telephone-based technology, designed and developed as a screening tool for mental health disorders in the workplace. The system screens employees for symptoms and subsequently provides educational information and referrals to improve mental health and enhance productivity. The qualitative evaluation was a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 individuals who participated in the RCT and had used the system. A phenomenological theoretical framework was utilized to analyze the narrative data. Results indicated that participants had mostly positive experience with the system and perceived it as a confidential program that allowed them to reflect on their symptoms without inhibition, fear of judgment or embarrassment. We also learned that asking mere questions about mental health symptoms can be a positive, instructive and possibly a restorative experience. There is a likelihood that for many participants, exposure to questions about their emotional and mental distress validated their feelings about their symptoms and was sufficiently compelling to promote help-seeking behavior. This evaluation study demonstrates that computers can be utilized in the workplace as effective screening and educational tools to improve employees’ mental health.     

Effects of age,cognitive, and personal factors on PDA menu navigation performance

The present study examined the PDA menu navigation performance of younger and older adults. The research focus was directed to the understanding of the combination and interaction of user characteristics with PDA menu navigation performance. In order to detail individual factors that influence user's performance, users' age, spatial ability, verbal memory, the confidence to use technical devices and computer-expertise were studied and related to performance outcomes. Younger and older adults, experienced with the usage of different technical devices, but PDA novices, had to complete four common tasks in the digital diary of an emulated PDA and users' effectiveness and efficiency were surveyed. Even though the users of both age groups had a comparably high computer experience, participants had considerable difficulties to solve the PDA tasks successfully. Especially older adults were strongly disadvantaged when navigating through the PDA menu. Among the user characteristics which were revealed to be essential for performance, spatial abilities were the best predictor to explain PDA performance. In addition, an adequate mental representation of the PDA data structure was decisive for navigation performance, especially in the older adult group.     

Mental Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Siblings: Effects of Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Family.

Self-identified lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) individuals were recruited via convenience sampling, and they in turn recruited their siblings (79% heterosexual, 19% LGB). The resulting sample of 533 heterosexual, 558 lesbian or gay male, and 163 bisexual participants was compared on mental health variables and their use of mental health services. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that sexual orientation predicted suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, self-injurious behavior, use of psychotherapy, and use of psychiatric medications over and above the effects of family adjustment. Sexual orientation was unrelated to current psychological distress, psychiatric hospitalizations, and self-esteem. This is the 1st study to model family effects on the mental health of LGB participants and their siblings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)