Heads or Tails: Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus Concerning the 2k/1b Circulating Recombinant Form

As different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes respond differently to initiated therapy, correct HCV genotyping is essential. A potential risk for misclassification of the intergenotypic HCV circulating recombinant form (CRF) 2k/1b strains exists, depending on the genotyping method used. The aim was to investigate the differences in HCV genotyping methods with regard to CRF 2k/1b and to gain insight in the prevalence of the CRF 2k/1b. Genotyping results by Versant HCV Genotype Assay were compared with nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) sequencing. In total, from November 2001 until March 2015, 3296 serum samples were analyzed by Versant HCV Genotype Assay. As misclassified CRF is harbored among HCV genotype 2, we further focused our search on 142 (4.3%) samples positive for HCV genotype 2. On 116 (81.7%) retrieved samples, the NS5B sequencing was performed. Twelve out of the 116 retrieved samples (10.3%) were classified as CRF 2k/1b by sequencing of the NS5B region. Ten of these 12 samples were originally misclassified as genotype 2a or 2c, while 2 of them were misclassified as genotype 2. Our results show that the current prevalence of CRF 2k/1b is underestimated. The importance of correct HCV genotyping is emphasized, considering the tailored choice of treatment regimen and overall prognosis.     

化学需氧量和总磷对猪场废水产磷化氢的影响

以猪场原液和沼液作为研究对象,在遮光密闭的环境中,于厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)内利用钼酸铵分光光度法分别测定单位时间内不同COD和TP浓度下PH3的产生量。结果表明:猪场原液和沼液PH3释放量分别达0.048、0.033 mg/h;COD和TP都能促进磷化氢的产生。     

A Nanochannel Platform for Single DNA Studies: From Crowding,Protein DNA Interaction,to Sequencing of Genomic Information

The study of nanochannel-confined DNA is important from biotechnological and biophysical points of view. We produce nanochannels in elastomer with soft lithography and proton beam writing. Issues concerning DNA confined in such quasi one-dimensional channels are discussed. We describe DNA stretching via the control of channel diameter and buffer conditions and how the extension can be interpreted with theory and computer simulation. We then discuss the conformation of nano-confined DNA crowded by neutral polymers and like-charged proteins. As an example of a protein that has an affinity to DNA, the effect of heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein, H-NS, on the folding and compaction of DNA is reviewed. Compaction of DNA by eukaryotic protamine and unpacking of pre-compacted DNA through an increase in salt concentration are discussed. We review results obtained with a novel, cross-channel device that allows the monitoring of the dynamic, conformational response of DNA after exposure to a ligand or protein and/or a change in buffer conditions in situ. As a biotechnological application, linearization of DNA by bottlebrush coating with a polypeptide copolymer is discussed. It is demonstrated that large-scale genomic organization can be sequenced using single DNA molecules on an array of elastomeric nanochannels. Overall, our results show that the effects of ligands and proteins on the conformation, folding, and condensation of DNA are not only related to classical controlling factors, such as osmotic pressure, charge, and binding, but that the interplay with confinement in a nanospace is of paramount importance.     

基于16S rDNA测序研究白酒对大鼠肠道菌群的影响

为探究浓香型白酒对SD大鼠肠道微生态的影响,通过连续8周灌胃适当剂量乙醇,建立SD大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤模型,同时,灌胃相同剂量的白酒,考察白酒和乙醇对SD大鼠血脂、肝脏指标的影响及造成的肠道菌群变化。结果显示,连续8周灌胃乙醇造成SD大鼠一定程度的酒精性肝损伤,而白酒组的肝损伤程度显著低于乙醇组。多样性分析表明乙醇组SD大鼠肠道菌群丰富度和多样性降低,而白酒的摄入可以回调这种现象。菌群结构分析表明乙醇干预和白酒干预之间存在显著差异,其中白酒干预组物种组成与对照组更加接近。差异性分析筛选出白酒组和乙醇组的3个潜在差异微生物标志物,分别为g＿Eubacterium＿rumminantium＿group、g＿U29-B03和g＿unclassified＿f＿Oscillospiraceae。该研究结果表明白酒可能通过调节肠道微生态来减轻乙醇诱导的轻度肝损伤。     

富硒菌C5对小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响

研究了富硒菌C5和双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊、地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊的益生菌制剂对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。将小鼠分为益生菌制剂组A组（三联活菌组）和B组（地衣芽孢杆菌+三联活菌组）、实验组C组（富硒菌C5组）和空白组D组,饲养4周后取小鼠粪便,PCR扩增细菌16S rRNA基因的V3-V4区,用Ⅰllummina HiSeq 2500进行高通量测序,利用QIIME2软件生成不同分类水平上的物种丰度表,对样品Alpha多样性指数进行评估和Beta多样性分析。富硒菌C5和地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊、双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊一样能调节小鼠肠道菌群丰度和多样性,Alpha多样性的ACE、Chao1和Shannon均有所升高（P<0.05）;富硒菌C5能提高小鼠肠道菌群中Firmicutes（厚壁菌门）和Lactobacillus（乳杆菌属）的相对丰度;降低Staphylococcus（葡萄球菌属）;提高Lachnospiraceae（毛螺菌科）中的Agathobacter（无杆菌属）的相对丰度（P<0.05）。富硒菌C5能够改善机体的肠道微生态,在微生物制剂改善肠道菌群健康方面具有一定的应用价值。     

厌氧序批式反应器处理啤酒废水的快速启动研究

以中等浓度啤酒废水为水源,在低温下(14～20℃)研究了厌氧序批式反应器的快速启动过程。试验结果表明:当采用污水厂消化污泥接种,投加粉末活性炭并以间歇搅拌方式运行到第76天时,反应器容积负荷为6.5kg/(m3.d),出水挥发性脂肪酸浓度和CODCr去除效率分别为2.5mmol/L以下和96.1%,污泥停留时间达到了19.4d,同时完成污泥的颗粒化。和未添加活性炭相比污泥颗粒化时间缩短10d,表明厌氧序批式反应器低温下处理啤酒废水的快速启动是可行的。     

不同贮藏温度下稻花鸡肉的品质及细菌组成多样性变化

本文研究了25℃常温、4℃冷藏、0℃冰温贮藏下稻花鸡肉p H值、水分含量、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)及感官评价;基于16S rRNA,研究货架期前后鸡肉细菌群落结构、演替规律及相对丰度。结果表明：结果表明：25℃常温12 h菌落总数和TVB-N均超过国家标准规定,水分含量和p H第12 h后变化趋势极大;4℃冷藏4 d菌落总数超过国家标准规定,TVB-N为13.64 mg/100 g,水分含量和p H第4天后均呈显著性差异;0℃冰温8 d菌落总数为8.90×10⁵ CFU/g,未超过国家标准规定,但TVB-N为15.25 mg/100 g,超过国标限值,水分含量和p H第8天后变化趋势极大。综合各品质指标,三种贮藏温度下货架期分别为12 h、4 d、8 d,感官评分均在可接受范围内。25℃贮藏末期以不动杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、多源菌属、泛菌属、肠杆菌科未分类属细菌为主。4℃与0℃贮藏末期优势腐败菌均以假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、肠杆菌科未分类属为主,但丰度占比有较大差异。不同贮藏温度下稻花鸡...     

SBR-混凝法处理制浆中段废水

对制浆中段废水采用SBR--混凝法处理进行了研究.实验结果表明,采用非限制曝气条件比限制曝气条件CODCr去除率高;混凝处理时,混凝剂PAC和助凝剂CPAM最佳投加质量浓度分别为400mg/L和15 mg/L,混凝时pH为7;对制浆中段废水采用SBR--混凝法处理结果表明,出水CODCr总去除率在82%以上,SS总去除率在94%以上,pH为7.3～7.5,色度为22～29倍,出水基本无色无臭,完全达到GB 3544-2001所规定的排放要求,并且能完全回用.     

Clinical and Genetic Re-Evaluation of Inherited Retinal Degeneration Pedigrees following Initial Negative Findings on Panel-Based Next Generation Sequencing

Although rare, inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are the most common reason for blind registration in the working age population. They are highly genetically heterogeneous (>300 known genetic loci), and confirmation of a molecular diagnosis is a prerequisite for many therapeutic clinical trials and approved treatments. First-tier genetic testing of IRDs with panel-based next-generation sequencing (pNGS) has a diagnostic yield of ≈70–80%, leaving the remaining more challenging cases to be resolved by second-tier testing methods. This study describes the phenotypic reassessment of patients with a negative result from first-tier pNGS and the rationale, outcomes, and cost of second-tier genetic testing approaches. Removing non-IRD cases from consideration and utilizing case-appropriate second-tier genetic testing techniques, we genetically resolved 56% of previously unresolved pedigrees, bringing the overall resolve rate to 92% (388/423). At present, pNGS remains the most cost-effective first-tier approach for the molecular assessment of diverse IRD populations Second-tier genetic testing should be guided by clinical (i.e., reassessment, multimodal imaging, electrophysiology), and genetic (i.e., single alleles in autosomal recessive disease) indications to achieve a genetic diagnosis in the most cost-effective manner.     

基于高通量测序分析毛菊苣醇提物对db/db小鼠肠道菌群的影响

该文探究毛菊苣醇提物对糖尿病小鼠（db/db小鼠）肠道菌群的影响。该研究以m/m小鼠为正常对照组（CON组）,db/db小鼠随机分为模型组（MOD组）、二甲双胍组（MET组）、毛菊苣醇提物低剂量组（CGL组）、毛菊苣醇提物高剂量组（CGH组）。灌胃给药8周,对小鼠体质量、空腹血糖、肝脏总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）进行分析,对小鼠粪便进行16S rRNA测序分析,探究毛菊苣醇提物对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。毛菊苣醇提物高剂量组可调节db/db小鼠体质量及血糖,显著降低db/db小鼠TC、TG水平（P<0.05）;测序结果显示CON组、MOD组、CGH组三组小鼠肠道菌群情况存在差异,毛菊苣醇提物给药可改善db/db 小鼠的肠道菌群失调,上调db/db小鼠肠道菌群中有益菌双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、Romboutsia、普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）菌群相对丰度。研究证明了毛菊苣醇提物给药能调节db/db小鼠肠道菌群,通过提高有益菌相对丰度调节糖脂代谢,可为新疆地产毛菊苣药材资源的开发利用提供全新的研究思路。