甲烷—二氧化碳重整反应制取合成气的新进展

综述了９０年代以来ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２重整反应在改性镍基催化剂、贵金属负载型催化剂和分子筛催化材料研究方面的最新发展。     

二（二甲苯基）甲烷合成工艺条件优化研究

通过正交试验和梯度寻优试验,找到了二甲苯与甲醛合成二（二甲苯基）甲烷的优化工艺条件：二甲苯与甲醛的摩尔比８：１,硫酸－二甲基苯磺酸催化剂用量１０．０２５％、反应温度１２０￣１４０℃及反应时间１４０ｍｉｎ,在最优工艺条件下,二（二甲苯基）甲烷收率可达７７．３８％。     

甲烷活化与转化的研究进展

甲烷活化与转化是当今催化研究领域的前沿课题。本文对甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯、甲烷芳构化、甲烷部分氧化制合成气的催化剂进行了介绍。     

Characterization of surface carbon formed during the conversion of methane to benzene over Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalysts

During the conversion of methane to benzene in the absence of oxygen over a 2 wt% Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalyst at 700°C, three different types of surface carbon have been observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: adventitious or graphitic-like C (284.6 eV), carbidic-like C (282.7 eV), and hydrogen-poor sp-type C (283.2 eV), where the C 1s binding energies for the respective forms of carbon are given in parentheses. Pretreatment of the catalyst at 700°C in CO also resulted in a strong signal at 283.2 eV; thus, the species responsible for this signal appears to be different from the usual aromatic-type coke. The coke with dominantly sp hybridization is concentrated on the external surface of the zeolite and is responsible for the gradual deactivation of the catalyst. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pd–Pt bimetallic catalyst supported on SAPO‐5 for catalytic combustion of diluted methane in the presence of water vapor

The examination of the combustion of a trace amount of methane over Pd‐ion‐exchanged silicoaluminophosphate‐5 (Pd‐SAPO‐5) at low temperature in the presence of water vapor reveals that water vapor strongly depresses methane combustion and causes a significant decrease in catalytic activity with time. The newly prepared bimetallic catalyst Pd–Pt‐SAPO‐5, on the other hand, shows higher performance for methane combustion under similar conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Adsorption of CH3 and its reactions with CO2 over TiO2

The adsorption, decomposition of CH₃ and its reactions with CO₂ were followed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with mass spectrometry. Methyl radicals were produced by the pyrolysis of azomethane. Absorption bands, observed at room temperature adsorption, were attributed to adsorbed CH₃ and CH₃O species. The decomposition of adsorbed CH₃ in vacuum started above 400 K and was accelerated by CO₂. In the study of the interaction of methane with titania, activated in different ways, we found no convincing spectroscopic evidence for the activation of methane at 300 K. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of hydrogen on methane conversion to hydrocarbons in “one‐step” reaction under non‐oxidative conditions at low temperature over Pd–Co/SiO2 catalysts prepared by the sol/gel method

Methane conversion to higher hydrocarbons in a “one‐step” process under non‐oxidative conditions at low temperature was here first introduced and investigated over Co–Pd/SiO₂ catalysts at 250°C as a function of hydrogen concentration in helium and of catalyst composition. A maximum in the production of C₂₊ hydrocarbons including aromatics (benzene and toluene) was observed at 1.3 vol% H₂/He mixture in which one pulse of methane was introduced. Additional hydrogenation with the same H₂/He mixture at 400°C was efficient to remove the larger hydrocarbon fragments already existing on the surface. On pure Pd/SiO₂ the one‐step process is not so efficient as on cobalt‐rich samples, but in the latter case the hydrocarbon removal is the most efficient during high‐temperature hydrogenation. It was found that methane conversion in the one‐step process is at least 2.5 times greater than that measured in the “two‐step” process and, in some cases, 80% of the methane introduced is converted to larger hydrocarbons. The results are discussed in terms of the hydrogen coverage ensuring the optimum hydrogen content in the surface CH_x species leading to chain growth. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

CH_4在Mo/HZSM-5及其改性催化剂上的无氧偶联反应

研究了Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ ５催化剂的Ｍｏ载量、焙烧时间、焙烧温度、焙烧和处理气氛以及Ｖ等助剂改性对甲烷无氧偶联反应性能的影响。用２％Ｖ改性的Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ ５催化剂,ＣＨ４转化率最高（２５０１％）,Ｃ２选择性为９７９４％,Ｃ２收率约２４５％     

Mg调变Ni基催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

在固定床流动反应装置上考察了不同反应条件对Ｍｇ调变Ｎｉ基催化剂反应性能的影响。当催化剂床层径高比约为２,空速２０×１０５ｈ－１,床层最高温度９４０℃,Ｖ（ＣＨ４）／Ｖ（Ｏ２）＝２０时,甲烷转化率９７％,ＣＯ选择性９８％,Ｈ２选择性接近１００％。５００ｈ的稳定性考察结果表明,甲烷转化率大于９０％,ＣＯ及Ｈ２选择性均大于９５％。反应后的催化剂经ＳＥＭ分析没观察到积炭。     

甲烷制合成气反应催化剂抗积炭性能的研究进展

在甲烷催化转化制合成气反应中,积炭是催化剂失活的一个重要原因。通过对Ｎｉ 基催化剂添加稀土金属氧化物和贵金属及其他助剂;利用特殊的制备工艺和载体后,可以提高催化剂的抗积炭性能。