GJT25-09型煤层气专用固井半挂车研制

煤层气勘探开发井的钻井深度浅、固井作业压力低、水泥浆用量少,使用常规固井设备时操作复杂、经济性不高。采用一体化结构设计,实现固井车的混浆单元、泵送单元、供灰单元、供气单元的集成设计。利用“双泵合流-双马达串/并联切换”技术,实现设备全液压驱动,开发了煤层气专用固井半挂车,并介绍了该车的技术参数、技术与结构特点、测试应用情况。可对煤层气固井作业起到较好的降本增效作用,对煤层气的大力开发提供支持。     

Intensification of low-grade methane enrichment in nitrogen mixture by CH4/CO2 displacement

To solve the problem of CO₂ uncompleted desorption in the process of CO₂ displacement enhancing the adsorption separation of CH₄/N₂, a small amount of product gas CH₄ was used as purge gas to improve the CO₂ desorption. CH₄/CO₂ mixture gas obtained from desorption step was recycled as the displacement gas to enhance the enrichment of low-grade methane in nitrogen mixture. In this work, the research conducted the experiments for CH₄/N₂ separation using CH₄/CO₂ displacement intensification adsorption and the laboratory-made coconut shell activated carbon as sorbent. The mathematical models were built in gPROMS and the accuracy of models was verified by comparison of simulations and CH₄/N₂/CO₂ breakthrough experiments. The performance of enrichment of low-grade methane with displacement intensification using different displacer was compared. The result showed that the process with CH₄/CO₂ displacement had higher purity product than CO₂ displacement. The CH₄/ CO₂ mixed gas replacement enhanced vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle experiment was carried out, which can jointly enrich 14% CH₄/ N₂ and 53% CH₄/CO₂ to 98.8%, and at the same time obtain a recovery rate of 77.8%.     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠作用下Ⅰ型水合物的生成热力学与动力学

通过使用表面活性剂来提升水合物的生成速度和转化率是提高水合物技术经济价值的主要方法。因为泡沫过多不利于生产,低起泡性的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）在水合物技术领域具有很好应用的潜力。本文根据对含PSS体系的水合物生成热力学研究,提出了乙烯-PSS溶液体系的热力学模型以定量描述PSS对水合物的热力学影响,该模型可较为准确地预测水合物的热力学临界生成压力：平均相对误差为1.1%,最大相对误差为3.8%。在上述研究基础上,本文研究了在PSS存在的情况下,PSS初始浓度和热力学推动力对Ⅰ型水合物的生成速度、最终转化率（水合物生成结束时的转化率）等参数的影响。结果表明,PSS对Ⅰ型水合物的热力学负面影响很小。PSS使水合物的最终转化率由59.6%±1.9%提升到80%以上,并使水合物的生成速度显著提升。当PSS初始浓度或压力低于特定值时,提高PSS初始浓度或压力可有效提升水合物的生成速度和最终转化率;但PSS初始浓度或压力高于特定值时,提高PSS初始浓度或压力对水合物生成速度和最终转化率的提升效果不再明显。     

二氧化碳水合物稳定储存的影响因素研究进展

CO₂置换开采天然气水合物以及水合物法气体储运技术是当前科学家们研究的热点,而水合物的稳定性对其长时间储存和长距离运输至关重要。因此必须提高二氧化碳水合物储存能力和寻求水合物高效稳定的储存条件,然而科学家们发现一些促进剂可以使水合物在温和的条件下长时间存储。本文从“自保护”效应的3种机制、温度、压力以及粒径、促进剂和水合物形态这些因素分析了其对二氧化碳水合物稳定性的影响,证明气体水合物普遍在260~270K和0.1~0.4MPa的条件下稳定性较好,并且同种促进剂在冰点上下对水合物稳定性的影响不同,最后指出了水合物稳定性方面今后的研究方向。     

Effect of 20kHz ultrasound on alumina hydrate precipitation from seeded sodium aluminate solution

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Thermochemistry on coordination behavior of samaric chloride hydrate with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate

The complex of samaric chloride lower hydrate-with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (D-DDC) was synthesized conveniently in absolute alcohol and dry N2 atmosphere. The title complex was identified as Et2NH2[Sm(S2CNEt2)4] by chemical and elemental analyses, the bonding characteristics of which was characterized by IR.T he enthalpies of solution of samaric chloride hydrate and D-DDC in absolute alcohol at 298.15 K and the enthalpies change of liquid-phase reaction of formation for Et2NH2[Sm(S2CNEt2)4] at different temperatures were determined by microcalorimetry. On the basis of experimental and calculated results, three thermodynamic parameters (the activation enthalpy, the activation entropy, and the activation free energy), the rate constant, and three kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy, the pre-exponential constant, and the reaction order) of liquid phase reaction of formation were obtained. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase title reaction at 298.15 K was calculated by a thermochemical cycle.     

基于遗传优化的BP神经网络法在甲烷检测中的应用

针对传统的最小二乘法拟合红外传感器的输出特性曲线时存在误差大、计算复杂,传统的BP神经网络法拟合红外传感器的输出特性曲线时存在网络收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小的问题,通过分析改进的最小二乘法和改进的基于遗传优化的BP神经网络法的拟合效果,指出改进的BP神经网络法拟合度较高,并给出了改进的BP神经网络法在甲烷体积分数检测中的实验结果。结果表明,该方法能够拟合出理想的曲线,有效提高了红外传感器的检测精度及响应速度。     

深海甲烷激光拉曼光谱原位探测器的研究

为了对深海痕量甲烷进行原位实时检测,研制出一种甲烷激光拉曼光谱探测器。介绍了拉曼散射的量子机理和拉曼光谱的特性,对合成甲烷水体进行了拉曼光谱测试,确定了水中甲烷的拉曼振动光谱范围在2 904~2 917 cm-1之间,且水分子的振动谱峰与甲烷的振动谱峰不重叠。利用这一特点可以设计甲烷激光拉曼光谱探测器,能原位、快速地分析和检测出海水中痕量甲烷组分,并通过耐压光纤将检测数据进行实时的远程传输,具有高灵敏度,适应4 000m深海高压低温环境作业的特点。     

Pulse studies of CH4 interaction with NiO/Al2O3 catalysts

Pulse studies of the interaction of CH₄ and NiO/Al₂O₃ catalysts at 500°C indicate that CH₄ adsorption on reduced nickel sites is a key step for CH₄ oxidative conversion. On an oxygen-rich surface, CH₄ conversion is low and the selectivity of CO₂ is higher than that of CO. With the consumption of surface oxygen, CO selectivity increases while the CO₂ selectivity falls. The conversion of CH₄ is small at 500°C when a pulse of CH₄/O₂ (CH₄O₂=21) is introduced to the partially reduced catalyst, indicating that CH₄ and O₂ adsorption are competitive steps and the adsorption of O₂ is more favorable than CH₄ adsorption