延长分米波电视发射管使用寿命的探讨（上）

文章从原理上讨论了影响分米波电视发射管寿命的若干因素。并提出了若干延长寿命的建议：（１）正确的灯丝加热方法是行之有效的措施，经验证明：过分强调降低灯丝电压往往得到相反的效果。（２）必须有良好的冷却方式。（３）通过对帘栅电路的分析，说明对此电路必须作很好的处理以消除故障和防止寄生振荡。     

耐高温微生物驱油提高低渗透油藏采收率先导性试验

胜利油田东辛高温低渗透油藏含蜡高,常温微生物无法存活,针对这一问题,引进美国NPC公司耐高温菌种,在Y6-16井组开展高温低渗油藏微生物驱油提高采收率研究和现场试验。施工后Y6-16井日增注52m3,表皮系数由施工前的2.069减小为施工后的-6.31,油层污染得到较好改善;原油含蜡量、胶质沥青质含量降低,轻质组分增加,重质组分降低;井组采收率提高5.09个百分点。     

利用催化加氢热解技术提取沉积 有机质中生物标志化合物

利用催化加氢热解技术提取了高演化沉积有机质中共价键结合的生物标志化合物,探讨了干酪根催化加氢热解反应机理,并考察了反应产物分布和影响反应的关键变量.实验表明,程序升温固定床催化加氢热解反应条件:温度上限为520℃,升温速率为5℃/min,氢压大于10MPa,氢气流量为5L/min,分散型催化剂为MoS₂(Mo的质量分数为1%).实验结果表明,催化加氢热解对提取高产率、结构重排少的干酪根中共价键结合的生物标志化合物有独特作用,该方法可以应用于有机地球化学领域.     

Effect of mineral matter on coal self-heating rate

Adiabatic self-heating tests have been conducted on subbituminous coal cores from the same seam profile, which cover a mineral matter content range of 11.2-71.1%. In all cases the heat release rate does not conform to an Arrhenius kinetic model, but can best be described by a third order polynomial. Assessment of the theoretical heat sink effect of the mineral matter in each of the tests reveals that the coal is less reactive than predicted using a simple energy conservation equation. There is an additional effect of the mineral matter in these cases that cannot be explained by heat sink alone. The disseminated mineral matter in the coal is therefore inhibiting the oxidation reaction due to physicochemical effects.     

Particulate organic matter transport in the lower Colorado river,South-Western USA

The lower Colorado River from Laughlin, Nevada, to the border with Mexico is one of the most regulated rivers in North America. An analysis of particulate organic matter (POM) transport through the system was made to determine POM concentrations, composition and point of origin, as well as to determine the effect dams had on this transport. Particulate organic matter concentrations generally increased from upstream to downstream, and were dominated by very fine organic detritus (< 25μm size fraction). Reservoirs released more POM than they received during spring and summer, but less during autumn and winter. Reservoirs recycled POM, taking in organic detritus and discharging small limnoplankton. Backwater complexes functioned as filters during storm events, trapping coarse material and releasing fine material. Agricultural drains made only minor contributions of POM, but provided important nutrients for in-channel production of POM. Water diversions forced POM off-channel, whereas sluicing operations reduced inorganic loads in the canals. Despite the presence of six mainstem dams, the lower reaches support a diverse assemblage of detritivorous fishes, similar to that found in the lowermost reaches of natural, unregulated rivers. The food base for this fishery stems from autochthonous production of POM.     

上海市吴淞工业区大气PM2.5水溶成分的元素分析及细胞毒性研究

通过ICP-MS测定了上海市吴淞地区大气PM2.5水溶成分金属元素含量,通过四唑盐(MTT)测定细胞存活率,通过超氧化歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)两个指标测定细胞氧化损伤,琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定细胞内DNA损伤,流式细胞仪(Flow cytometry)检测细胞凋亡和周期等实验研究了大气PM2.5水溶成分的细胞毒性.实验结果表明:PM2.5可溶成分中Zn元素含量最高,PM2.5在一定浓度范围内能导致细胞死亡,引起细胞的氧化损伤,影响DNA的复制,阻碍细胞增殖,但没有诱导细胞凋亡.PM2.5中可溶金属离子对细胞毒性表现为联合作用.     

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOIL MICROBIAL QUALITY MEASUREMENTS OF BIOMASS QUOTIENT AND RESPIRATION QUOTIENT

The soil microbial biomass quotient (expressed as a percentage of the total soil organic carbon) and the specific rate of carbon-dioxide production by soil microbes (respiration quotient) are often used as indicators of stress on soil microbial populations. A low biomass quotient or a high respiration quotient is considered to be an indication of stress from, for example, toxicity from metals in sewage sludge applied to soils. These metabolic quotients are affected by a wide variety of other factors such as the biodegradability of soil organic-carbon amendments, plant inputs of organic carbon into soils, natural variations in microbial population sizes with depth, and in the rhizosphere of plants. These variations could be sufficiently large to make interpretation of changes in biomass quotient and respiration quotient, as a response to stress, problematical.     

青城子矿田小佟家堡子金银矿床地质特征及成矿物质来源探讨

小佟家堡子金银矿床赋存在辽河群大石桥组PtLd^5 3和PtLd^4 3的互层带之中。矿体受层间滑脱构造控制。容矿岩石以自云石大理岩和硅质岩为主，矿体呈层就、似层就。矿石中的金以不可见金为主，金古量与毒砂关系最密切。成矿物质来源于地层——即海底火山喷气和喷流作用形成含矿热卤水，经运移在海盆边缘沉积形成矿源层或维集区，经区域变质作用和岩浆作用的改造，在印支期就位。矿床成因类型为同生沉积-变质一岩浆热液叠加再造型金银矿床。     

Alkylated ureas: mineralization and evaluation as N sources

An incubation experiment was conducted for 11 weeks to study the mineralization of ten alkylated ureas and urea in soil. Six of the alkylated ureas viz. methylurea(MU), 1,3-dimethylurea(1,3DMU), 1,1-dimethylurea(1,1DMU), ethylurea(EU), 1,3-diethylurea(1,3DEU) and butylurea(BU) and urea mineralized during the experiment. Urea mineralized immediately, while alkylated ureas mineralized after an incubation period ranging from less than a week to four weeks (delay period of mineralization). The delay period increased in the following sequence MU < 1,3DMU < EU < BU < 1,1DMU < 1,3DEU, but after the delay period was over the compounds mineralized almost as rapidly as urea. The delay period varied according to the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group and their position with respect to each other on the molecule. It appeared to be specific for each compound and was apparently not influenced by the presence of urea or other alkylated ureas. This character can be used to develop mixture of various alkylated ureas to obtain N mineralization at the desired time. Rapid evolution of CO₂ and N₂O was observed during the mineralization of urea as well as alkylated ureas. Increase in soil pH was also observed during this period. The simultaneous ocurrence of these events suggested the formation of urea as an intermediate during the mieralization of alkylated ureas. None of the alkylated ureas showed adverse affect on emergence of wheat seedlings and except DEU and BU at high concentration no other alkylated urea showed any adverse effect on initial growth of wheat seedlings.     

基于单幅图像景深和大气散射模型的去雾方法

为恢复雾天图像对比度和颜色,更好地提取图像中的信息,根据海上开阔海域的特点,利用3维到2维透视投影模型,推导了海上图像任意像素点景深的计算公式,并结合暗原色先验知识,有效解决基准景深点的选取和天空亮度的选取问题,最后基于相对景深模型和大气散射模型,对单幅雾天图像进行清晰化处理。通过大量雾天降质图像的实验验证,该算法的去雾效果优于基于暗原色先验统计方法的效果。