水平管内R1234yf的流动沸腾换热特性

通过实验研究了环境友好型制冷剂R1234yf在内径为0.5mm的水平圆形微通道内的流动沸腾换热特性,测量了不同工况下R1234yf的沸腾换热系数（HTC）,并与传统制冷剂R134a进行了对比,分析了质量流速、热流密度和干度对换热系数变化规律的影响。实验条件为：饱和温度(17±1)℃,质量流速1000～2500kg/(m2·s),热流密度25～143kW/m2。实验结果表明：R1234yf的换热系数随着热流密度的增大而显著增大,而质量流速和干度的影响较小,核态沸腾为其主导换热机制。对比R1234yf和R134a在相同工况下的换热特性,发现两种工质的平均换热系数差别较小,并均随着热流密度增大而逐渐增加,但是R1234yf发生干涸（Dryout）时的热流密度小于R134a。将实验数据与已有文献中的核沸腾主导的经验关联式的预测结果进行了对比,得到了较好的吻合。     

多孔壁面微通道换热性能的实验研究

微通道散热器作为一种高效散热器件,广泛应用于微电子、光电、汽车、航天国防、能源等领域。针对传统光滑微通道传热面积小、换热性能偏低、沸腾迟滞等问题,本文提出一种多孔壁面微通道结构,并采用激光直写方法实现微通道多孔壁面的高效、稳定生成。该多孔壁面微通道显著增大了换热面积、促进流体的扰动、提供大量稳定沸腾核心,从而强化单相与两相沸腾传热。通过搭建微通道换热性能测试系统,测试对比了多孔壁面微通道与光滑微通道的单相对流、两相沸腾传热性能。发现多孔壁面微通道的Nu数相对于光滑微通道提升了21%~31%。在两相沸腾换热过程中,其粗糙多孔结构促进了沸腾气泡成核,其核态沸腾起始温度相比于光滑微通道降低了35%。同时粗糙多孔结构可以保证沸腾过程中的液体持续供给,从而大幅提升了沸腾换热能力,避免了干涸现象的提前发生,其两相沸腾换热系数相对于未处理的光滑微通道最大提升了83%。此外,还开展了不同流量下多孔壁面微通道的沸腾传热性能测试,发现在质量流率为G=500kg/(m²·s)下的沸腾换热系数相对于G=200kg/(m²·s)情况下最大提升了30%。     

Effects of gas concentration on hydrodynamics of gas absorption in a microchannel

In this article, the effects of gas concentration on hydrodynamics of gas–liquid two-phase flow with mass transfer during gas absorption in a microchannel are investigated, by using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solution to absorb mixtures of CO₂ and N₂ with various volume fractions. The concentration of CO₂ not only affects the driving force of gas–liquid mass transfer, but also affects the pressure drop of gas–liquid two-phase flow. The average linear velocity of the liquid phase is estimated by introducing the void fraction, which accurately characterizes the difference in the bubble velocity versus the liquid velocity. On this basis, the pressure drop model of gas–liquid two-phase flow with mass transfer in a microchannel is established. Through the pressure drop model, the influence mechanism of CO₂ concentration on the pressure drop during gas absorption in a microchannel is revealed.     

Electrophoretical stretching of DNA in a hybrid microchannel

The electrophoretical stretching of DNA in a hybrid microchannel is analyzed in this paper. The channel comprises a large insulating cylinder and a hyperbolic contraction that can cause the DNA deformation. Brownian dynamics simulation is used to characterize the dynamical stretching process of a long T4 DNA in hybrid microchannels. The computational results show us the larger average extension of DNA in cylinder-hybridized microchannels than that in the single microcontractions due to the prestretched effect of cylinder on DNA. Moreover, the location and the radius of the insulating cylinder in hybrid microchannels have great effects on the stretching behavior of DNA.     

Oil–water two‐phase flow in microchannels: Flow patterns and pressure drop measurements

This paper investigates oil–water two‐phase flows in microchannels of 793 and 667 µm hydraulic diameters made of quartz and glass, respectively. By injecting one fluid at a constant flow rate and the second at variable flow rate, different flow patterns were identified and mapped and the corresponding two‐phase pressure drops were measured. Measurements of the pressure drops were interpreted using the homogeneous and Lockhart–Martinelli models developed for two‐phase flows in pipes. The results show similarity to both liquid–liquid flow in pipes and to gas–liquid flow in microchannels. We find a strong dependence of pressure drop on flow rates, microchannel material, and the first fluid injected into the microchannel.     

矩形微通道中环状冷凝的三维数值模拟

建立了恒热流边界条件下矩形微通道中环状冷凝过程的三维模型。通过求解气相和弯月面区动量和质量方程及薄液膜厚度方程,得到了弯月面毛细半径分布、冷凝液膜厚度分布,以及传热系数和壁面温度分布。薄液膜区液膜将沿程逐渐增厚,到达一极值后再逐渐变薄。在通道截面中,薄液膜区的传热系数大于弯月面,最大局部传热系数及壁面最高温度皆位于薄液膜区和弯月面的连接处。[JP2]在冷凝起始段,通道横截面平均传热系数沿程急剧减小至一极值;在此之后的很长一段距离内,则基本保持不变;[JP]直至接近环状冷凝终点时又再次沿程减小。     

T形微通道中互不相溶两相流数值模拟

采用摄动有限体积（PFV）算法和水平集（level set）技术对T形微通道内互不相溶两相流动进行了数值模拟研究。考察了两相界面张力和微通道壁面润湿性对流动的影响,精确地捕捉到了油水两相流动的界面。对一些典型的T形微通道油水两相流动进行了数值计算,模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好。分析总结出了微通道内两相流动过程中的一些基本规律,为微通道内的液液两相流动实验设计和工业应用提供了新的数值预测手段。     

粗糙表面微通道电渗流的数值模拟

电渗流（EOF）广泛应用于微流控芯片中的流体的传输与混合。针对带有粗糙表面的平行板微通道,建立了描述EOF的控制方程,基于有限元分析方法对具有不同粗糙度和EDL厚度的微通道内的EOF进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当EDL厚度接近0.3倍粗糙度大小时,粗糙度对EDL的影响较大,EOF受到粗糙度的阻力作用较为明显,而当EDL厚度相对粗糙度较大和较小时,EOF速度受到粗糙度的影响相对较小;粗糙表面微通道中部EOF速度与相对EDL厚度的关系呈“V”型曲线,EOF平均速度呈“L”型曲线。研究结论对于微通道表面的优化设计以及微流控芯片中流体的精确操控具有一定的参考意义。     

微尺度下液-液流动与传质特性的研究进展

微化学工程是现代化学工程学科的前沿,主要研究微时空尺度下流体流动、传热、传质现象与反应规律。着重介绍近十年来微通道内单相流体流动、互溶液-液两相流体流动与混合、互不相溶液-液两相流体流动与传质的理论和实验的最新研究进展。     

微流道粗糙壁面对流动阻力和控制的影响

研究了3种粗糙单元(三角形、矩形、三角形与矩形交错混合)壁面对微流道内流动和摩擦阻力的影响。利用二维模型模拟了量纲一泊肃叶数与粗糙单元的几何特性和分布的关系。结果发现:在模拟条件下,粗糙壁面摩擦阻力(泊肃叶数)总是大于光滑壁面的摩擦阻力;壁面粗糙单元的高度对摩擦阻力的影响较大,可有近乎指数型的增长,粗糙单元的长度和间隔的影响居中,而雷诺数的影响较小。说明壁面粗糙度可有效改变槽道内的流动状态,增大混合效率。