Influence of Mixing on the Precipitation of Organic Nanoparticles: A Lagrangian Perspective on Scale‐up Based on Self‐Similar Distributions

Precipitation of nanoparticles is applied in various fields with a rising interest in the formulation of poorly soluble drugs. The impact of fluid mixing on the precipitation of organic nanoparticles is analyzed. Direct numerical simulations are applied to determine the spatiotemporal evolution of the liquid phase composition and to estimate the particle evolution along Langragian trajectories. The simulation results are compared with laboratory experiments of mixing and particle size evolution, which use a recently developed approach to rapidly stabilize the precipitated nanoparticles. The impact of mixing on precipitation is revealed, thereby enabling a parameter‐free estimation of the mean particle sizes and the particle size distributions. The distributions of residence time, supersaturation time, and particle size are self‐similar for Reynolds numbers in the turbulent regime and allow the derivation of scale‐up rules.     

Spectral characterization of static mixers. The S‐shaped micromixer as a case study

We investigate the steady‐state performance of a planar micromixer composed of several S‐shaped units. Mixing efficiency is quantified by the decay of the scalar variance downstream the device for generic feeding conditions. We discuss how this decay is controlled by the spectral properties of the advection‐diffusion Floquet operator, $ \cal F $ , that maps a generic scalar profile at the inlet of a single unit into the corresponding profile at the unit outlet section. Two advantages characterize the Floquet operator approach —(i) it allows to analyze an arbitrarily long device and (ii) it provides a quantitative assessment of mixing efficiency that is independent of the feeding conditions and that depends solely on the interaction between advection and diffusion. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

布置成涡结构微混合器内的流动与混合特性

基于成涡结构强化混合原理设计了一种改进型的平面被动式微混合器。采用商业软件CFD-ACE+对该结构微混合器的混合特性进行了三维数值模拟和结构优化,进一步揭示该微混合器结构对通道内流体流动与混合特性的影响。结合混合通道内流体的浓度和流型分布的数值和实验结果可知,该新型微混合器在布置成涡结构的弯曲通道内形成了扩展涡、分离涡和Dean涡,实现了涡系的叠加和强化,加大了流体间的扰动,从而增加了流体的接触面积强化混合;在综合考虑流体混合强度和压降分布等因素下,成涡结构正向布置且缝宽比W_d/W=1/4,厚宽比B/W=3/10,布置角度θ_a=120°的该微混合器在较广Re范围内的混合效果显著。     

基于狄恩流的微混合器的研究

所设计的微混合器是一种基于狄恩流的被动式混合器,该混合器的结构特点是由多个不同半径的弯曲管道双螺旋而成,中部通过"S"形管道将输入管道和输出管道相连。首先分析了狄恩流形成的机理及特点,再通过流体计算软件CFD-ACE+三维模拟并分析了不同流速对二次流强弱以及混合程度的影响,最后利用微细加工技术制作微混合器,罗丹明B溶液与去离子水用作待混合液体,利用Image J软件获取混合图像的灰度值来分析混合器的性能。     

Two‐phase natural convection analysis and hybrid nanoparticle migration around micromixer blades

In this paper, numerical investigations are presented for hybrid nanoparticle migration and free convection heat transfer of two kinds of nanofluids in a micromixer at the fixed propeller condition. The inner blades and outer crust of the micromixer are kept at constant hot and cold temperatures, respectively. Two kinds of hybrid nanofluids, TiO₂‐CuO water and ethylene glycol‐(MoS₂‐SiO₂), are considered. The governing equations including velocity, pressure, temperature formulation, and nanoparticle concentrations are solved by a partial differential equation solver based on the Galerkin finite element method. The results are discussed based on the governing parameters, such as nanoparticle volume fraction, thermal and solutal Rayleigh numbers. The average Nusselt number was found to increase with the increasing nanoparticle volume fractions. Also, increasing the thermal Rayleigh number enhanced heat transfer while the solutal Rayleigh number has an insignificant effect on it. More importantly, increasing the thermal Rayleigh number assisted avoiding the agglomeration of nanoparticles around the blades and ensured more uniform nanoparticle distribution.     

W-Band CMOS down-conversion mixer using micromixer-based gain-enhanced technique

We demonstrate a W-band down-conversion micromixer for imaging and gesture recognition transceiver. Micromixer-based gain-boosted technique, i.e. inductive-peaking gain-boosted single-to- differential transconductance (g_m) stage, is adopted to increase the output impedance and restrain the feedback capacitance C_gd of the g_m stage. This leads to the conversion gain (CG), noise figure (NF) and LO-to-RF leakage of the micromixer being significantly improved. The micromixer dissipates 7.2 mW and attains marvellous RF-port return loss of ?12.7~ ?14.7 dB for 85 ~ 110 GHz. That is, the ?10 dB matching bandwidth is wider than 25 GHz. Moreover, for 90 ~ 96 GHz, the micromixer attains CG of 10.5 ~ 12 dB and LO-to-RF isolation of 40.2 ~ 46.2 dB, one of the highest values ever demonstrated for a W-band mixer/micromixer. The 3 dB CG bandwidth is 22 GHz (83 ~ 105 GHz), and the input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is 1 dBm. These results indicate the micromixer is appropriate for W-band imaging and gesture recognition transceivers.     

基于分合式混合单元的微混合器设计与研究

为实现微尺度下流体的快速均匀混合,基于对流体的分割、合并实现流体间接触面积指数式增长的原理,提出了一种分合式(SAR)混合单元,通过仿真对其支路夹角进行了优化,并最终确定支路夹角θ=70°.利用成熟的标准SU-8光刻及PDMS制作工艺,制作了分合式与组合分合式两种微混合器.采用甘油-水按体积比5:95(0.000 97...     

非对称电极交流电热泵的流体输运及混合

为满足微流控芯片在化学分析、细胞培养、药物测试等领域中流体驱动与混合的需要,对传统经典非对称交流电热泵进行改进,提出多种样式具有混合功能的非对称电极交流电热泵.通过COMSOL三维建模,对不同种类的电热泵在不同电压下的输运效率、温度和混合效率进行定性及定量分析,并对其中混合效率最高的交替倾斜偏向电极的角度偏转参数进行讨论.结果表明:几种改进的非对称电极交流电热泵可实现输运与混合双功能,其中倾斜交替偏向电极的混合效率明显优于其他样式;在有限的区域内以25°倾斜度时交替偏向电极的混合效率最高,此时在有效值为7.070 V交流电压下,泵送速度可达69.53μm/s,比传统无混合功能的非对称交流电热泵速度67.16μm/s高出3.5%.     

速度流型对微混合器混合效果的影响

微流控芯片是“芯片实验室”发展的重点,微混合器是微流控芯片的重要作用形式,在微尺寸下获得高效混合是重要的研究方向．采用Fluent软件对T型管两液流混合过程进行了数值模拟,对三种典型速度流型,即抛物线型、塞状型和凹面型速度流型条件下的混合效果进行了比较分析、数值模拟和理论分析表明：流速以及流型对混合效果具有很大的影响,抛物线型的混合效果最好;利用泵驱动系统比电渗驱动系统更有利于混合．