Experimental investigation on the plasma morphology of ablative pulsed plasma thruster with tongue-shaped and flared electrodes

Ablative pulsed plasma thrusters(APPTs) are considered as an attractive propulsion option for station-keeping and drag makeup purposes for mass-and power-limited satellites. In order to understand the physical mechanism of APPTs, high-speed camera and optical emission spectroscopy are utilized to investigate the plasma characteristics including the spatial distribution and composition between the electrodes. The plume images and spectra at different times and positions are experimentally recorded, and the spatial distribution, composition, and trajectory of plasmas can be concluded through analyzing them. With the increase of the distance from the ablation surface, two clusters of plasmas near the anode and cathode meet downstream,and the species and density of plasmas tend to be uniform.     

Electric-field induced fluctuations in laser generated plasma plume

The effect of an external electric field on laser-generated plasma has been studied. It is observed that the laser-generated plasma can be used for the ignition of a spark in the presence of a low voltage external electric field. An eight-fold emission intensity enhancement in Cu Ⅰ spectral lines are measured as compared to the signal intensity in the absence of an external electric field.The plasma parameters remain the same initially, up to a few microseconds after the generation of plasma, and this feature makes it more interesting for the quantitative analysis of any sample using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). In the presence of an external electric field,fluctuations(contraction and expansion) in the laser-generated plasma are observed which increase the plasma decay time and consequently result in enhanced signal intensity.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction between OH radicals in plasma with poly-β-1–6-N-acetylglucosamine

Cold atmospheric plasma shows a satisfactory ability to inactivate bacterial biofilms that are difficult to remove using conventional methods in some cases. However, the researches on the inactivation mechanism are not quite sufficient. Poly-β-1–6-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), which is one of the important components in some biofilms, was used as the research subject, and the related mechanism of action triggered by different concentrations of the OH in plasma was studied using reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that OH radicals could not only trigger the hydrogen abstraction reaction leading to cleavage of the PNAG molecular structure, but undergo an OH addition reaction with PNAG molecules. New reaction pathways appeared in the simulations as the OH concentration increased, but the reaction efficiency first increased and then decreased. The simulation study in this paper could, to some extent, help elucidate the microscopic mechanism of the interaction between OH radicals in plasma and bacterial biofilms at the atomic level.     

Modification of exposure conditions by the magnetic field configuration in helicon antenna-excited helium plasma

Modification of exposure conditions downstream in the diffusion chamber has been performed in helicon antenna-excited helium plasma by adjusting the magnetic field(intensity and geometry).In the inductively coupled mode(H mode), a reduction in ion and heat fluxes is found with increasing magnetic field intensity, which is further explained by the more highly magnetized ions off-axis around the last magnetic field lines(LMFL). However, in helicon wave mode(W mode), the increase in magnetic field intensity can dramatically increase the ion and heat fluxes.Moreover, the effect of LMFL geometry on exposure conditions is investigated. In H mode with contracting LMFL, off-axis peaks of both plasma density and electron temperature profiles shift radially inwards, bringing about a beam with better radial uniformity and higher ion and heat fluxes. In W mode, although higher ion and heat fluxes can be achieved with suppressed plasma cross-field diffusion under converging LMFL, the poor radial uniformity and a small beam diameter will limit the size of samples suitable for plasma irradiation experiments.     

Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of carbon cloth by synergetic effect of plasma and acid treatment

Commercial carbon cloth(CC) is an ideal electrocatalysis material to produce oxygen evolution reaction(OER) due to its high conductive and 3 D flexible structure, but the lacked active sites limit its application. For improving its OER performance, the present study proposed an effective method combining plasma and acid treatment to introduce oxygen-containing functional groups and produce more active sites on its surface. Compared to the pristine CC, the plasma and acid treated carbon cloth(PN-CC) delivers a reduced overpotential by 34.6% to achieve current density of 10 m A cm~(-2). The Tafel slope declines from 97.5 m V dec~(–1)(pristine CC) to 55.9 m V dec~(–1)(PN-CC), showing an increased OER kinetic. Additionally, PN-CC electrocatalyst shows outstanding stability after 5000 cycles or 25 000 s. The combination of plasma and acid treatment shows a significant potential in surface modification for electrocatalysts.     

A plasma equilibrium model for rapid estimation of SF-MPDT performance

In this work,a zero-dimensional plasma model for self-field magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters(SF-MPDTs) is proposed,which is based on the ion-number balance equation and energy balance equation,and can calculate the average electron temperature and the average ion temperature inside the discharge chamber conveniently.At the same time,the model can also predict the thruster performance,and the thruster performance predicted by the model is compared with experimental results,which proved the reliability of the model.     

低温等离子体降解偏二甲肼废水研究

该文研究了悬浮电极介质阻挡放电装置(FE-DBD)产生的低温等离子体对偏二甲肼废水的降 解效果,并对处理条件进行优化。首先,对比了低温等离子体装置、氙灯和紫外灯降解偏二甲肼废水的效果;然后,考察了低温等离子体装置的放电间隙、初始溶液 pH、工作时间和氢氧化钠加投量对偏 二甲肼降解的影响;最后,探究了低温等离子体对偏二甲肼废水 pH 值的影响。实验结果表明,不加入其他试剂的情况下,低温等离子体装置降解偏二甲肼效果好于氙灯及紫外灯;装置放电间隙从 4 mm缩短至 2 mm,偏二甲肼降解率增加 47.2%。随着等离子体处理时间的增加,偏二甲肼的含量降低,处理 20 min 即可降解 82.1% 偏二甲肼。同时,低温等离子体处理会引起偏二甲肼废水 pH 值下降,处理10 min 后废水 pH 从 10 下降至 6.9。废水初始 pH 在 2～10 时,偏二甲肼降解率随废水 pH 值的升高而增大 ：与 pH＝2 相比,初始 pH＝10 时偏二甲肼降解率增加 65.9%。低温等离子体处理 10 min 后,往废水中加入氢氧化钠溶液至终浓度为 1 mg/mL,再继续处理 10 min,可将偏二甲肼降解率提高至 95%。     

一种处理等离子体密度的软件方法

介绍了一种软件计算远红外激光干涉仪相位差的方法。对比了软件程序与硬件相位计在HT-7实验中的处理结果,总结了软件处理所得相位差的特征,并在此基础上求出了真实的等离子体密度。最后,对实验结果进行了细节分析、误差分析,对软件处理时间进行了分析,得出软件方法可以获得更好的时间分辨率且具有进行实时处理的可行性。     

等离子喷焊铜基自熔性合金的研制

为了克服铜铁异种材料喷焊过程中易产生焊缝裂纹和基体裂纹的倾向,研制开发了一种Cu-Ni-Sn自熔性合金粉末材料.通过对Cu-Ni-Sn粉末材料的化学成分的设计,喷焊层的组织显微结构及抗腐蚀性能的综合分析,认为该材料等离子喷焊工艺性能良好,焊层耐腐蚀效果十分明显.在生产实际中应用等离子喷焊制备Cu-Ni-Sn焊层,能明显提高粉末材料的熔敷率和性能,并且改善劳动工作环境.该合金性能优于传统材料,值得推广.     

一种新型的激光—等离子体辅助化学气相沉积装置的研究

为探索用激光离子体共同辅助化学气相沉积过程以实现室温沉积的可能性，设计并制造了一种新型的ＣＶＤ装置，实际了ＳｉＨ４－ＮＨ３－Ｎ２体系制取Ｓｉ３Ｎ４膜的试验。结果表明，激光和等离子体是可以相互促进，共同辅助ＣＶＤ过程的，且两者均处于较代的能量水平。