The association of smoking and the cost of military training

OBJECTIVE: To determine if premature discharge from the US Air Force was associated with the smoking status of recruits. DESIGN AND SETTING: A total of 29 044 US Air Force personnel recruited from August 1995 to August 1996 were administered baseline behavioural risk assessment surveys during basic military training. They were tracked over a 12 month period to determine those who were prematurely discharged. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Excess training costs as a result of premature discharge. RESULTS: In this 12 month period, 14.0% of those entering the US Air Force were discharged at a one year follow up. In both univariate and multivariate models, the best single predictor of early discharge was smoking status. Overall, 11.8% of non-smokers versus 19.4% of smokers were prematurely discharged (relative risk 1.795). CONCLUSIONS: Using US Department of Defense data on the cost of military training, recruits who smoke in the US Air Force are associated with $18 million per year in excess training costs. Applied to all service branches, smoking status, which represents a constellation of underlying behaviours and attitudes that can contribute to early discharge, is associated with over $130 million per year in excess training costs.     

改制科研院所的法律风险及其防范体系浅析

介绍了企业法律风险的概念和特征,以及转制科研院所面临的主要法律风险。结合长沙矿冶研究院法律风险防范工作的实践,对转制科研院所法律风险防范的现状和存在的问题进行了剖析,提出了有效应法律风险的方法与措施。     

DoDAF V2.0在军事信息系统建设中的应用分析

为借鉴和应用DoDAF V2.0的最新理念,总结了该体系结构框架的核心思想,分析了8个视角之间的相互关系以及DM2（DoDAF Meta-Model）数据组与各视角的映射关系.对DoDAF V2.0中体现的以数据为中心的体系结构开发进行了初步探索,提出了应用该体系结构框架需注意的问题以及对军事信息系统建设的启示和建议.这对我军事信息系统的建设有一定的理论指导意义.     

G J B 9001 B中软件的新要求对军队软件质量控制方法的影响

随着科学技术的快速发展,武器装备中软件含量原来越多,软件在武器装备中的作用也越来越重要.对国军标G J B 9001 B中软件质量新要求进行了分析,讨论了新标准对军用软件的质量控制方法的影响     

消防救援院校图书馆实体空间再造研究

空间是图书馆重要的服务资源之一,开展空间再造,有助于消防救援院校图书馆实现服务创新和转型发展.文章在分析消防救援院校图书馆实体空间再造的理论基础和原则的基础上,提出了合理规划馆舍空间、完善空间管理和服务、开展空间再造评估的实践策略,以期对实践发展有所裨益.     

Defining soldier equipment trade space: load effects on combat marksmanship and perception–action coupling

Soldier equipment compromises task performance as temporal constraints during critical situations and load increase inertial and interactive forces during movement. Methods are necessary to optimise equipment that relate task performance to underlying coordination and perception–action coupling. Employing ecological task analysis and methods from dynamical systems theory, equipment load and coordination was examined during two sub-tasks embedded in combat performance, threat discrimination and dynamic marksmanship. Perception–action coupling was degraded with load during threat discrimination, leading to delays in functional reaction time. Reduced speed and accuracy during dynamic marksmanship under load was related to disrupted segmental coordination and adaptability during postural transitions between targets. These results show how reduced performance under load relates to coordination changes and perception–action coupling. These changes in functional capability are directly related to soldier survivability in combat. The methods employed may aid equipment design towards more optimised performance by modifying equipment or its distribution on humans.     

Helping American soldiers in time of war: Reply to comments on the comprehensive soldier fitness special issue.

Seligman responds to the comments made about the January 2011 American Psychologist Special Issue on Comprehensive Soldier Fitness (CSF). Seligman proposed an entire issue of on the topic of CSF to encourage psychologists to come to the aid of our government, and he urges psychologists not to be discouraged by this tactic. He and his coauthors in the special issue are proud to provide their knowledge and their skills to American soldiers. They dearly hope these interventions work and that soldiers benefit. They are strongly for peace and for conflict resolution, and that is what advocacy directed to Congress and to the White House is for. The Army, however, carries out the orders of our politicians, and in doing so, deserves the very best that psychology can offer by way of prevention and treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

当代对于清代兵书研究

清代流传下来大量的兵书,目前国内外也有很多关于清代兵书研究的成果,但是无论是在角度还是内容上都比较纷杂,本文通过对新中国成立以来,国内对于清代兵书研究的成果进行简单归纳分类和梳理分析,以期能为今后其他研究者进行清代兵书研究提供一定参考。     

A physical demands analysis of the 24-week British Army Parachute Regiment recruit training syllabus

This study assessed the physical demands of the 24-week Combined Infantryman's Course (CIC) for Parachute Regiment (Para) recruits and developed physical selection standards for applicants. Fifty recruits were monitored over five separate periods (35 d in total during weeks 1–2, 5, 9, 15 and 19–20). Energy expenditure (doubly labelled water), physical activity (accelerometry) and cardiovascular strain (% heart rate reserve) were measured. There was no overall progression in both the levels of physiological stress (physical activity counts and energy expenditure) and resultant cardiovascular strain during the first nine weeks of training. Applicants' 2.4 km run time and static lift strength measured at selection predicted 10 mile loaded march performance at the end of CIC Para. The introduction of job-related selection procedures and a more progressive approach to training has reduced the incidence of medical discharge from 14.4% to 5.1% and increased overall pass rates from 43% to 58%.     

军用软件质量与可靠性管理方法研究

针对军用软件发展现状,分析了军用软件在研制过程中质量与可靠性管理存在的问题,总结了产品研制过程中软件工程化管理的要求和内容,并对软件研制周期内各个阶段的管理控制重点进行了论述。